Hiperglisemi Tedavisinde Potansiyel Yeni Pirazol Halkası İçeren Bisiklik Yapıda Moleküllerin Sentezi
Abstract
Diyabeti tedavi etmek için çok sayıda ilaç geliştirilmiştir. Pirazol türevlerinin güçlü antidiyabetik ajanlar olduğuna litratürde yer verilmiştir. Çoğunlukla, pirimidinle kaynaşmış heterohalkaların, özellikle α-glukosidaz ve/veya α-amilaz gibi diyabetle ilişkili etkili enzim inhibitörleri oldukları gösterilmiştir. α-amilaz ve α-glukosidaz gibi nişastayı glikoza parçalayan enzimler, kan şekeri seviyelerinin düzenlenmesi için hayati öneme sahiptir. α-amilaz ve α-glukosidaz inhibitörleri bu süreci geciktirerek emilen glikoz miktarını azaltır. Tedavide kullanılan bazı ilaçların hipoglisemi, kilo alımı, gastrointestinal stres gibi olaylara sebep oldukları ve kanser riski taşıdıkları belirtilmiştir. Bu sebeple yeni ilaçların tasarımı önem kazanmıştır. Literatürde pirazol halkasının biyolojik etki potansiyellerinden ve pirazol halkası içeren bisiklik yapıların hiperglisemik potansiyellerinden bahseden çalışmalar olmakla beraber pirazolopirazinon yapısını içeren moleküllerle ilgili araştırmanın yer almadığı görülmekte olup, proje kapsamında sentezlenecek moleküllerin ve ilgili aktivite çalışmalarının bu araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında da öncelikle pirazol halkası içeren yeni bisiklik yapıdaki pirazolopirazinon halka sisteminin tasarımı, literatürden farklı bir yöntem ile yeni türevlerinin sentez, saflaştırma ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Sentezlenen türevlerin hiperglisemi tedavi edebilme potansiyelinin araştırılması maksadıyla alfa amilaz enzimi üzerindeki inhibisyonları ölçülmüştür. Sentezi yapılan 9 yeni bileşiğin kontrol inhibitörü olan Akarboz ile kıyaslandığında 5, 10, 20 ve 40 μM konsantrasyonlarda a-amilaz aktivitesini istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı oranda azaltmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Numerous drugs have been developed for the treatment of diabetes. Pyrazole derivatives have been reported in the literature as potent antidiabetic agents. In particular, heterocyclic systems fused with pyrimidine have mostly been shown to be effective enzyme inhibitors related to diabetes, especially α-glucosidase and/or α-amylase. Enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which break down starch into glucose, are of vital importance for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase delay this process, thereby reducing the amount of glucose absorbed. However, some of the drugs currently used in treatment have been reported to cause side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal distress, and even increased cancer risk. Therefore, the design of new therapeutic agents has gained importance. Although there are studies in the literature that highlight the biological potential of the pyrazole ring and the antihyperglycemic properties of bicyclic structures containing pyrazole, no research has been found specifically on molecules containing a pyrazolopyrazinone structure. It is anticipated that the molecules to be synthesized and their related activity studies within the scope of this project will contribute to the literature. In this thesis study, the design of a novel bicyclic pyrazolopyrazinone ring system containing a pyrazole moiety was initially carried out. New derivatives were synthesized, purified, and characterized using a method different from those reported in the literature. To investigate their potential for treating hyperglycemia, the inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme by the synthesized compounds was measured. When compared with the standard inhibitor Acarbose, the nine newly synthesized compounds did not significantly reduce α-amylase activity at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM, indicating no statistically significant inhibition.
Numerous drugs have been developed for the treatment of diabetes. Pyrazole derivatives have been reported in the literature as potent antidiabetic agents. In particular, heterocyclic systems fused with pyrimidine have mostly been shown to be effective enzyme inhibitors related to diabetes, especially α-glucosidase and/or α-amylase. Enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which break down starch into glucose, are of vital importance for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase delay this process, thereby reducing the amount of glucose absorbed. However, some of the drugs currently used in treatment have been reported to cause side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal distress, and even increased cancer risk. Therefore, the design of new therapeutic agents has gained importance. Although there are studies in the literature that highlight the biological potential of the pyrazole ring and the antihyperglycemic properties of bicyclic structures containing pyrazole, no research has been found specifically on molecules containing a pyrazolopyrazinone structure. It is anticipated that the molecules to be synthesized and their related activity studies within the scope of this project will contribute to the literature. In this thesis study, the design of a novel bicyclic pyrazolopyrazinone ring system containing a pyrazole moiety was initially carried out. New derivatives were synthesized, purified, and characterized using a method different from those reported in the literature. To investigate their potential for treating hyperglycemia, the inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme by the synthesized compounds was measured. When compared with the standard inhibitor Acarbose, the nine newly synthesized compounds did not significantly reduce α-amylase activity at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM, indicating no statistically significant inhibition.
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Eczacılık ve Farmakoloji, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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96