Evaluation of the Effect of Betulinic Acid Treatment on Inflammatory Response in Rat Adjuvant Arthritis Model
Abstract
Yapılan bu çalışmada adjuvanla indüklenmiş deneysel artrite karşı betulinik asit (BET) uygulamasının antioksidan ve antienflamatuvar etkinğinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmamızda Wistar Albino cinsi, 56 adet dişi sıçan kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda toplam 8 deney grubu oluşturulmuş olup bu gruplar sırasıyla; kontrol, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA), BET20 (20 mg/kg), BET40 (40 mg/kg), ibuprofen (IBP) (100 mg/kg), FCA+BET20 (20 mg/kg), FCA+BET40 (40 mg/kg) ve FCA+IBP (100 mg/kg) gruplarıdır. FCA (10 mg/mL) çalışmanın ilk günü hayvanların sol ayak pençelerine intradermal olarak uygulanmış olup betulinik asit ve ibuprofen çalışmanın 17.-27. günleri arasında her gün gavaj youyla uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın 28. günü, ksilazin ve ketamin anestezisi altında tüm hayvanların kardiak punction ile kanları alınarak sakrifiye edilmiş ve sol gastroknemius kasları izole edilmiştir. Kas dokusunda malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyine, protein karbonil düzeyine, total ve serbest tiyol düzeylerine, 8-hidroksi deoksi guanozin (8-OH dG) düzeyine, süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz, paraoksonaz (PON), arilesteraz (ARE), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GSH-Rx) aktiviteleri ile redükte glutatyon (GSH) düzeyine, inflamatuvar yanıtın gözlenmesi için ise tümör nekroz faktör alfa (TNF-α), interlökin-6 (IL-6), nitrik oksit (NOx) ve prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) düzeylerine bakılmıştır. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizi SPSS v22.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ortalama±standart sapma şeklinde ifade edilmiş ve p değeri 0,05 ve daha küçük olan veriler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesinde tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. FCA uygulamasının kas dokusundaki lipid peroksidasyonunu, protein ve DNA oksidasyonunu ve enflamatuvar yanıtı arttırdığı, antioksidan savunma sistemini ise zayıflattığı görüldü. Özellikle yüksek doz betulinik asit uygulamasının kas dokusundaki oksidatif stresi ve enflamasyonu önlediği, antioksidan savunma sistemini ise indüklediği gözlendi. Dolayısıyla romatoid artritte artan enflamasyon ve oksidatif stresin bu fitokimyasalın kullanılmasıyla birlikte azaldığını söylemek mümkündür. Çalışmamızın sonucu olarak, betulinik asitin romatoid artritte oluşabilecek enflamasyonun ve oksidatif stresin baskılanmasında gıda destek ürünü olarak kullanılabileceği önerilebilir.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of betulinic acid (BET) administration against adjuvant-induced experimental arthritis. In our study, 56 female Wistar Albino rats were used. A total of 8 experimental groups were formed in our study and these groups were respectively; control, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA), BET20 (20 mg/kg), BET40 (40 mg/kg), ibuprofen (IBP) (100 mg/kg), FCA+BET20 (20 mg/kg), FCA+BET40 (40 mg/kg) and FCA+IBP (100 mg/kg) groups. FCA (10 mg/mL) was applied intradermally to the left foot paws of the animals on the first day of the study, and betulinic acid and ibuprofen were administered by gavage every day between the 17th and 27th days of the study. On the 28th day of the study, under xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia, all animals were sacrificed by cardiac punction and left gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl level, total and free thiol levels, 8-hydroxy deoxy guanosine (8-OH dG) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE) levels were determined, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NOx) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were determined to observe the inflammatory response. Statistical analysis of the study was performed using SPSS v22.0 statistical programme. The data obtained were expressed as mean±standard deviation and data with a p value of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the evaluation of biochemical parameters. FCA treatment increased lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation and inflammatory response in muscle tissue and weakened the antioxidant defence system. Especially high dose betulinic acid administration prevented oxidative stress and inflammation in muscle tissue and induced antioxidant defence system. Therefore, it is possible to say that increased inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis decreased with the use of this phytochemical. As a result of our study, it can be suggested that betulinic acid can be used as a food supplement to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress that may occur in rheumatoid arthritis.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of betulinic acid (BET) administration against adjuvant-induced experimental arthritis. In our study, 56 female Wistar Albino rats were used. A total of 8 experimental groups were formed in our study and these groups were respectively; control, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA), BET20 (20 mg/kg), BET40 (40 mg/kg), ibuprofen (IBP) (100 mg/kg), FCA+BET20 (20 mg/kg), FCA+BET40 (40 mg/kg) and FCA+IBP (100 mg/kg) groups. FCA (10 mg/mL) was applied intradermally to the left foot paws of the animals on the first day of the study, and betulinic acid and ibuprofen were administered by gavage every day between the 17th and 27th days of the study. On the 28th day of the study, under xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia, all animals were sacrificed by cardiac punction and left gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl level, total and free thiol levels, 8-hydroxy deoxy guanosine (8-OH dG) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE) levels were determined, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NOx) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were determined to observe the inflammatory response. Statistical analysis of the study was performed using SPSS v22.0 statistical programme. The data obtained were expressed as mean±standard deviation and data with a p value of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the evaluation of biochemical parameters. FCA treatment increased lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation and inflammatory response in muscle tissue and weakened the antioxidant defence system. Especially high dose betulinic acid administration prevented oxidative stress and inflammation in muscle tissue and induced antioxidant defence system. Therefore, it is possible to say that increased inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis decreased with the use of this phytochemical. As a result of our study, it can be suggested that betulinic acid can be used as a food supplement to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress that may occur in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Biyokimya, Eczacılık ve Farmakoloji, Biochemistry, pharmacy and Pharmacology
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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103