Analysis of Shunt Infections in Patients With Neural Tube Defect (meningomyelocele) and Hydrocephalus Who Underwent Ventriculoperiostoneal Shunting; 13 Years Experience of Our Clinic
Abstract
Meningomyelosel (MM) nöral tüp defektlerinin (NTD) en sık görülen tipidir. Kese tamiri sırasında veya sonrasında hidrosefali eşlik eden vakaların önemli bir kısmına şant takılması gerekmektedir. Şant enfeksiyonu uzun dönem prognozu etkileyen parametrelerden biridir ve hemen her zaman menenjit kliniği ile prezente olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda nöral tüp defekti (meningomyelosel) tanılı yenidoğan hastaları inceleyerek şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olan hastaların risk faktörlerini, sebeplerini, hastalık yönetimini belirlemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezinde 01.01.2010 - 11.10.2023 tarihleri arasında doğan ve/veya hastanemize sevk ile gelen meningomyelosel tanılı yenidoğan hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastane otomasyon sisteminden hastaların dermografik bilgileri, hastanede yatış süresi, operasyon günü, laboratuvar tahlillerinden; beyin omurilik sıvısının (BOS) glukoz ve protein değerleri, kültür ve kültür antibiyogramları tarandı. Beyin bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ve transfontanel ultrasonografi (USG) raporları incelenerek hidrosefali ve eşlik eden ek anomaliler belirlendi. Ameliyat notlarından; flep ve şant uygulanıp uygulanmadığı, hasta epikrizlerinden ise meningomyelosel kese çapı ve yeri, kullanılan antibiyotikler, hastada olan diğer ek anomaliler, hastanın menenjit ve exitus olup olmadığı ile ilgili veriler taranmıştır. Bulgular: Meningomyelosel tanılı 430 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Otuz dört hasta (%7.9) şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olarak saptandı. Hastalarda kız cinsiyet oranı %52.8 idi. Şant enfeksiyonu/Menenjit olan hastalarda şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olmayan hastalara göre anne yaşı anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha düşüktü. Hidrosefali oranı ve hastane süresi şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olan hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Çalışmamızda en çok üreyen patojenler Klebsiella Pneumoniae ve Staphylococcus Haemolyticus idi. Tedavide en sık kullanılan antibiyotikler ise Vankomisin ve Meropenem'di. Vakalardan 15 hasta (%3.5) exitus oldu. Şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olan grupta menenjit olmayan gruba göre mortalite anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Sonuç: Meningomyelosellerde şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olan hastaların, şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olmayan hastalara göre hastane yatış süresi ve exitus oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu. Flep kapama yapılan hastalarda ve/veya operasyon zamanı 72 saatten uzun olan hastalarda da hastane yatış süresi daha uzun olduğu saptandı. Ortalama anne yaşı şant enfeksiyonu/menenjit olan grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu. En sık üreyen BOS kültür patojeni Klebsiella Pnemoniae'ydı. Hastaların mümkün olan en erken dönemde opere edilmesi, genç yaş gebeliklerin önlenmesi için gerekli planlamaların yapılması ve hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonları azaltacak tedbirlerin alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Meningomyelocele (MM) is the most common type of neural tube defects (NTD). A significant portion of cases accompanied by hydrocephalus require shunt placement during or after sac repair. Shunt infection is one of the parameters affecting long-term prognosis and almost always presents with meningitis. In our study, we aimed to determine the risk factors, causes and disease management of patients with shunt infection/meningitis by examining newborn patients diagnosed with neural tube defect (meningomyelocele). Method: The files of newborn patients diagnosed with meningomyelocele who were born between 01.01.2010 and 11.10.2023 at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center and were referred to our hospital were examined retrospectively. From the hospital automation system, patients' dermographic information, hospital stay, operation day, and laboratory tests; Glucose and protein values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), culture and culture antibiograms were scanned. Hydrocephalus and additional accompanying anomalies were determined by examining brain computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transfontanel ultrasonography (USG) reports. From the surgery notes; Data regarding whether a flap and shunt was applied, the diameter and location of the meningomyelocele sac, the antibiotics used, other additional anomalies in the patient, and whether the patient had meningitis and exitus were scanned from the patient's epicrisis. Results: 430 patients diagnosed with meningomyelocele were included in the study. Thirty-four patients (7.9%) were diagnosed with shunt infection/meningitis. The female sex ratio in the patients was 52.8%. Maternal age was significantly (p<0.05) lower in patients with shunt infection/meningitis than in patients without shunt infection/meningitis. Hydrocephalus rate and hospital duration were significantly higher in the patient group with shunt infection/meningitis (p<0.05). The most common pathogens in our study were Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Haemolyticus. The most commonly used antibiotics in treatment were Vancomycin and Meropenem. Of the cases, 15 patients (3.5%) exited. Mortality was significantly higher in the group with shunt infection/meningitis than in the group without meningitis (p<0.05). Conclusion: In meningomyelocele, the hospital stay and death rate were significantly higher in patients with shunt infection/meningitis than in patients without shunt infection/meningitis. It was also found that the hospital stay was longer in patients who underwent flap closure and/or in patients whose operation time was longer than 72 hours. The mean maternal age was significantly lower in the shunt infection/meningitis group. The most frequently growing CSF culture pathogen was Klebsiella Pnemoniae. It is of great importance that patients are operated on as early as possible, necessary planning is made to prevent teenage pregnancies, and measures are taken to reduce hospital-acquired infections.
Meningomyelocele (MM) is the most common type of neural tube defects (NTD). A significant portion of cases accompanied by hydrocephalus require shunt placement during or after sac repair. Shunt infection is one of the parameters affecting long-term prognosis and almost always presents with meningitis. In our study, we aimed to determine the risk factors, causes and disease management of patients with shunt infection/meningitis by examining newborn patients diagnosed with neural tube defect (meningomyelocele). Method: The files of newborn patients diagnosed with meningomyelocele who were born between 01.01.2010 and 11.10.2023 at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center and were referred to our hospital were examined retrospectively. From the hospital automation system, patients' dermographic information, hospital stay, operation day, and laboratory tests; Glucose and protein values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), culture and culture antibiograms were scanned. Hydrocephalus and additional accompanying anomalies were determined by examining brain computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transfontanel ultrasonography (USG) reports. From the surgery notes; Data regarding whether a flap and shunt was applied, the diameter and location of the meningomyelocele sac, the antibiotics used, other additional anomalies in the patient, and whether the patient had meningitis and exitus were scanned from the patient's epicrisis. Results: 430 patients diagnosed with meningomyelocele were included in the study. Thirty-four patients (7.9%) were diagnosed with shunt infection/meningitis. The female sex ratio in the patients was 52.8%. Maternal age was significantly (p<0.05) lower in patients with shunt infection/meningitis than in patients without shunt infection/meningitis. Hydrocephalus rate and hospital duration were significantly higher in the patient group with shunt infection/meningitis (p<0.05). The most common pathogens in our study were Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Haemolyticus. The most commonly used antibiotics in treatment were Vancomycin and Meropenem. Of the cases, 15 patients (3.5%) exited. Mortality was significantly higher in the group with shunt infection/meningitis than in the group without meningitis (p<0.05). Conclusion: In meningomyelocele, the hospital stay and death rate were significantly higher in patients with shunt infection/meningitis than in patients without shunt infection/meningitis. It was also found that the hospital stay was longer in patients who underwent flap closure and/or in patients whose operation time was longer than 72 hours. The mean maternal age was significantly lower in the shunt infection/meningitis group. The most frequently growing CSF culture pathogen was Klebsiella Pnemoniae. It is of great importance that patients are operated on as early as possible, necessary planning is made to prevent teenage pregnancies, and measures are taken to reduce hospital-acquired infections.
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Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Child Health and Diseases
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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72