Determining Phylogenetic Relationships of Endemic Species of Astragalus in Van Lake Basin
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2021
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Astragalus L. cinsi Türkiye Florası'nda teşhis açısından sorunlu cinslerin başında yer almaktadır. Bu cins 469 takson içermekte ve bu taksonların 217'si endemik türlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma 2019 yılında, Van Gölü Havzası'ndan toplanan Astragalus L. cinsine ait endemik türlerin filogenetik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Astragalus L.cinsine ait 82 tür toplanmış, bu türlerin morfolojik teşhisleri yapılmış ve 19 tanesinin endemik, 2 tanesininde nadir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada örneklerden izole edilmiş genomik DNA'lardan ITS bölgelerinin çoğaltılması için evrensel ITS4 ve ITS5 primerleri kullanılmıştır. Bu primerler yardımıyla, rDNA'da yer alan ITS1, 5,8S ve ITS2 bölgeleri PCR yoluyla çoğaltılmıştır. DNA dizilemesi yapılan Astragalus L. cinsine ait türlerin genom bilgileri farklı programlar (SnapGene, CLC DNA Workbench) ile analiz edilmiştir. Astragalus L. cinsine ait türlerden elde edilen DNA dizileri, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gen bankasına kayıtları yapılarak dünyadaki tüm araştırıcıların kullanımına sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, nrDNA ITS bölgesi uzunluğunun 669 ile 687 baz çiftiarasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlarımız, evrensel ITS4 ve ITS5 primerleri ile elde edilen dizilerden türetilen en kararlı ikincil yapının, filogenetik ağaç ile kombinasyon halinde kullanıldığında Astragalus L. cinsine ait türlerin tanımlanması için çok etkili bir araç olduğunu açıkça göstermiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Astragalus spp., Moleküler filogeni
Astragalus L. genus in Turkey Flora has been one of the species whose identification is very difficult. This genus includes 469 taxa and 217 of these taxa are endemic species. It was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationships of endemic species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. collected from the Van Lake Basin in 2019. 82 species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. were collected, morphological identification of these species were made and it was found that 19 of them were endemic and 2 of them were rare. Universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers were used to amplify the ITS regions from genomic DNAs isolated from samples in the study. With the help of these primers, ITS1, 5,8S, and ITS2 regions in the rDNA were amplified by PCR. The genome information of the species belonging to the genus Astragalus L., DNA sequencing, was analyzed with different programs (SnapGene, CLC DNA Workbench). DNA sequences obtained from species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. were registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Bank and made available to all researchers around the world. In this study, it was determined that the length of the nrDNA ITS region varied between 669 and 687 base pairs. The results clearly showed that the most stable secondary structure derived from sequences obtained with the universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers, when used in combination with the phylogenetic tree, is a very effective tool for the identification of species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. Keywords: Astragalus spp., Molecular phylogeny
Astragalus L. genus in Turkey Flora has been one of the species whose identification is very difficult. This genus includes 469 taxa and 217 of these taxa are endemic species. It was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationships of endemic species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. collected from the Van Lake Basin in 2019. 82 species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. were collected, morphological identification of these species were made and it was found that 19 of them were endemic and 2 of them were rare. Universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers were used to amplify the ITS regions from genomic DNAs isolated from samples in the study. With the help of these primers, ITS1, 5,8S, and ITS2 regions in the rDNA were amplified by PCR. The genome information of the species belonging to the genus Astragalus L., DNA sequencing, was analyzed with different programs (SnapGene, CLC DNA Workbench). DNA sequences obtained from species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. were registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Bank and made available to all researchers around the world. In this study, it was determined that the length of the nrDNA ITS region varied between 669 and 687 base pairs. The results clearly showed that the most stable secondary structure derived from sequences obtained with the universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers, when used in combination with the phylogenetic tree, is a very effective tool for the identification of species belonging to the genus Astragalus L. Keywords: Astragalus spp., Molecular phylogeny
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