The Effect of Nicardipine and Esmolol for Controlled Hypotension in Rinoplasty Nterventions on Hemodynamics and Regional Renal Oxygenization
Abstract
Amaç: Rinoplasti girişimlerinde kontrollü hipotansiyon için uygulanan nikardipin ve esmololün hemodinami ve rejyonal renal oksijenizasyon üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya elektif rinoplasti cerrahisi geçiren ve kontrollü hipotansiyon uygulanmasına karar verilen, 80 hasta konu hakkında bilgilendirilmiş ve yazılı onamları alınmış olan, 18-60 yaş arası, ASA I-II sınıfındaki hastalar dâhil edildi. Hastalar kapalı zarf yöntemiyle 40'ar kişiden oluşan Grup N (Nikardipin) ve Grup E (Esmolol) diye 2 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrollü hipotansiyon oluşturmak için intraoperatif sürede 40 hastaya nikardipin, 40 hastaya da esmolol infüzyonu uygulandı. Anestezi idamesi süresince nikardipin ve esmolol infüzyonunun kontrollü hipotansiyon oluşturma potansiyeli, kardiyovasküler hemodinami, renal fonksiyonlar ve rejyonal renal perfüzyon (NIRS) değerleri ölçüldü. Her iki grup için ek opioid ve ek kas gevşetici kullanım sayıları kaydedildi. Postoperatif olarak her iki grup için cerrahi memnuniyet ve cerrahi alandaki kanama miktarları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Grup N'de intraoperatif ek opioid kullanım oranı Grup E'den daha yüksekti (p= 0.000). Postoperatif ölçülen cerrahi kanama miktarı (p= 0.000) ve cerrahi memmnuniyet Grup N'de, Grup E'ye göre anlamlı yüksekti (p= 0.002). Nabız değerleri istatistiksel olarak Grup E'de anlamlı yüksekti (p= 0.000). Sistolik kan basıncı (0.-10.-15.-20. dakikalar haricinde) Grup E'de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p ˂ 0.05). Grup içi karşılaştırmada her iki grupta da postop kreatin değerlerinin preop değerlere göre anlamlı azaldığı saptandı (p<0.05). Ancak grup içi üre ve grupararası üre/kreatinin değerleri farklı değildi (p>0.05). Grup N de ölçülen tüm periferik SpO2 değerleri Grup E'den anlamlı düşüktü (p˂0.05). Grup N'de intraoperatif dönemde (10.-15.-20.-25.-30.-35.-40. 45.-50.-55.dakika) sol renal rSO₂ (NIRS) değeri Grup E'den anlamlı yüksekti (p˂ 0.05). Sonuç: Esmolol ile yapılan kontrollü hipotansiyonda nikardipine göre daha stabil tansiyon ve kalp tepe atımı değerleri elde edilmesi, daha az ek kas gevşetici ve ek opioid kullanımı ve cerrahi memnuniyetin daha iyi olması nedeniyle kontrollü hipotansiyon uygulanacak vakalarda güvenle kullanılabileceği ve öncelikli tercih edilmesi gerektiği kanaatindeyiz. Nikardipin rejyonal renal doku perfüzyonu üzerinde daha iyi bir ajan olup, renal fonksiyonlar üzerine olumsuz bir etki oluşturmamıştır. Ancak kontrollü hipotansiyon oluşturmak için kullanıldığında ek opioid ihtiyacı artmış, hemodinami labil seyretmiştir.
Objective: It was aimed to investigate the effects of nicardipine and esmolol applied for controlled hypotension in rhinoplasty procedures on hemodynamics and regional renal oxygenation. Materials and Methods: 80 patients who underwent elective rhinoplasty surgery and decided to underwent controlled hypotension, who were informed about the subject and whose written consents were obtained, between the ages of 18-60, and ASA I-II were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group N (Nicardipine) and Group E (Esmolol), consisting of 40 people, by the closed envelope method. In order to cause controlled hypotension, 40 patients were administered nicardipine and 40 patients were given esmolol infusion intraoperatively. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the potential for controlled hypotension of nicardipine and esmolol infusion, cardiovascular hemodynamics, renal functions and regional renal perfusion (NIRS) values were measured. The number of additional opioid and additional muscle relaxant use was recorded for both groups. Surgical satisfaction and the amount of bleeding in the surgical area were recorded postoperatively for both groups. Results: In Group N, the rate of intraoperative additional opioid use was higher than Group E (p = 0.000). Postoperative measured surgical bleeding (p = 0.000). and surgical satisfaction was significantly higher in Group N than Group E (p = 0.002). Pulse values were statistically significantly higher in Group E (p = 0.000). Systolic blood pressure (except 0.-10.-15.-20. minutes) was statistically significant in Group E (p ˂ 0.05). In the comparison between groups, postop creatinine values were found to be significantly decreased in both groups compared to preoperative values (p <0.05). However, intragroup urea and intergroup urea / creatinine values were not different (p> 0.05). All peripheral SpO2 values measured in Group N were significantly lower than Group E (p˂0.05). Left renal rSO₂ (NIRS) value was significantly higher in Group N in the intraoperative period (10.-15.-20.-25.-30.-35.-40. 45.-50.-55.minutes) compared to Group E (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: In controlled hypotension with esmolol, we believe that it can be used safely in cases where controlled hypotension will be applied and should be preferred primarily because of the more stable blood pressure and heart rate values compared to nicardipine, the use of less additional muscle relaxants and additional opioids, and better surgical satisfaction. Nicardipine is a better agent on regional renal tissue perfusion and has no adverse effect on renal functions. However, when used to induce controlled hypotension, the need for additional opioids increased, and hemodynamics remained labile.
Objective: It was aimed to investigate the effects of nicardipine and esmolol applied for controlled hypotension in rhinoplasty procedures on hemodynamics and regional renal oxygenation. Materials and Methods: 80 patients who underwent elective rhinoplasty surgery and decided to underwent controlled hypotension, who were informed about the subject and whose written consents were obtained, between the ages of 18-60, and ASA I-II were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group N (Nicardipine) and Group E (Esmolol), consisting of 40 people, by the closed envelope method. In order to cause controlled hypotension, 40 patients were administered nicardipine and 40 patients were given esmolol infusion intraoperatively. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the potential for controlled hypotension of nicardipine and esmolol infusion, cardiovascular hemodynamics, renal functions and regional renal perfusion (NIRS) values were measured. The number of additional opioid and additional muscle relaxant use was recorded for both groups. Surgical satisfaction and the amount of bleeding in the surgical area were recorded postoperatively for both groups. Results: In Group N, the rate of intraoperative additional opioid use was higher than Group E (p = 0.000). Postoperative measured surgical bleeding (p = 0.000). and surgical satisfaction was significantly higher in Group N than Group E (p = 0.002). Pulse values were statistically significantly higher in Group E (p = 0.000). Systolic blood pressure (except 0.-10.-15.-20. minutes) was statistically significant in Group E (p ˂ 0.05). In the comparison between groups, postop creatinine values were found to be significantly decreased in both groups compared to preoperative values (p <0.05). However, intragroup urea and intergroup urea / creatinine values were not different (p> 0.05). All peripheral SpO2 values measured in Group N were significantly lower than Group E (p˂0.05). Left renal rSO₂ (NIRS) value was significantly higher in Group N in the intraoperative period (10.-15.-20.-25.-30.-35.-40. 45.-50.-55.minutes) compared to Group E (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: In controlled hypotension with esmolol, we believe that it can be used safely in cases where controlled hypotension will be applied and should be preferred primarily because of the more stable blood pressure and heart rate values compared to nicardipine, the use of less additional muscle relaxants and additional opioids, and better surgical satisfaction. Nicardipine is a better agent on regional renal tissue perfusion and has no adverse effect on renal functions. However, when used to induce controlled hypotension, the need for additional opioids increased, and hemodynamics remained labile.
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Keywords
Anestezi ve Reanimasyon, Esmolol, Hemodinamikler, Hipotansiyon, Nikardipin, Oksijen satürasyonları, Rinoplasti, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Esmolol, Hemodynamics, Hypotension, Nicardipine, Oxygen saturation, Rhinoplasty
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