Evaluation of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Patients With Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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2008
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İdiyopatik trombositopenik purpura (İTP), trombositopeni (trombosit sayısı<100.000/mm3), plazmada antitrombosit antikorların varlığı, trombosit yaşam süresinin kısalığı ve kemik iliğinde megakaryositlerin artması ile karakterize bir sendromdur. Etyolojisinde belirgin hiçbir akkiz neden bulunmayan trombositopenileri ifade etmede kullanılan bir terimdir.Akut formda; trombosit sayısı tanıdan sonra 6 ay içinde normale döner (>150.000/mm3) ve relaps görülmez. Kronik formda; trombosit sayısı, 6 aydan daha uzun süre düşük kalır. Bununla beraber % 1-4 oranında, trombosit sayısı 6 ay içinde normale dönmüşken tedavi verilmeksizin en az 3 ay veya daha uzun süre normal seyrettikten sonra yeniden trombositopeni gelişebilmektedir ve rekürren form olarak adlandırılır.Patogenezinde ana faktör trombosit ömrünün kısalmasıdır ve bu sebeple pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Oksidatif hasar otoimmun hastalıkların patogenezinde rol oynar. Oksidatif stres ve serbest radikaller İTP'nın patogenezi ve prognozundan sorumlu tutulabilir.Asemptomatik ve trombosit sayısı 35.000/mm³ olan hastalar tedaviye ihtiyaç duymaz. Hastalar kanama riski nedeni ile egzersizden kaçınmalıdır. Tedavide steroidler, intravenöz immunglobulin, Anti Rh (D) ve direçli vakalarda da immunosupresif ajanlar, danazol, plasmaferez ve splenektomi uygulanır. Trombosit süspansiyonu akut nörolojik bulgular ve aktif kanama olduğunda endikedir.Hastaların %70-80'i 6 ayda, %50'si bir ayda iyileşir. Bir yıldan uzun süren hastalarda spontan remisyon azdır. Erişkinlerde kronikleşme oranı fazladır.Bu tez çalışmasında İTP'li hastalarda oksidan ve antioksidan sistemlerin durumunu ve patogenezde etkilerinin olup olmadığını göstermeyi amaçladık. Çalışmaya Çocuk Hematoloji polikliniğimize trombositopeni nedeni ile başvuran ve akut İTP tanısı alan 27 hasta, çocuk hematoloji polikliniğimizde kronik İTP tanısı ile takipli 25 hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak da sağlıklı 21 çocuk alındı. Akut İTP'li hasta grubu da yüksek doz steroid tedavisi öncesi ve sonrası olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Her gruptan birer defa serum malondialdehid, total antioksidan kapasite, total oksidan durum ve oksidan stres indeksi parametrelerini çalışmak amacı ile için kan örnekleri alındı.Çalışmamız göstermiştir ki akut ve kronik İTP'li çocuklar kontrol grubuna kıyasla yüksek malondialdehid düzeyleri, azalmış antioksidan aktivite ve artmış oksidan aktiviteye sahiptir. En yüksek oksidan değerler ve en düşük antioksidan kapasite, steroid tedavisi almamış akut İTP'li hasta grubunda saptanmıştır. Ayrıca akut İTP'li hastalarda steroid tedavisi ile oksidan parametrelerde düşme ve antioksidan parametrelerde yükselme olduğu gösterilmiştir.Sonuç olarak çalışmamız göstermiştir ki özellikle akut İTP'de oksidan streste artış ve antioksidan kapasitede bir azalma vardır ve steroid tedavisi oksidan ve antioksidan sistemlerdeki bu bozulmayı bir miktar düzeltmektedir. Fakat İTP'li hastalarda oksidan stres artışının ve antioksidan enzimlerin seviyesinin düşmesinin bir neden mi yoksa bir sonuç mu olduğunun anlaşılması için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Anahtar kelimeler: İdiyopatik trombositopenik purpura, yüksek doz metil prednizolon, oksidatif stres, total antioksidan kapasite.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (İTP) is a syndrome characterized by thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100.000/mm3), the presence of anti-platelet antibodies in the plasma, the short life periods of the platelets, and an increase of megakaryocytes in the bone-marrow. It?s used to express the thrombocytopenies which have no apparent acquired cause in its etymology.In acute İTP form (children); the platelet count returns to normal within 6 months after diagnosis (> 150.000/mm3) and relapse does not occur. In chronic İTP form (adults), platelet count remains low during more than 6 months. However, in the % 1-4 rates of the cases who have normal thrombocytes count after 6 months, although it?s detected normally without therapy duration of least 3 months or longer, thrombocytopenia may occur again and is called recurren form.The main factor is reducing life periods of the platelets in pathogenezis. Lots of researches have been done earlier for this issue. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress and free radicals can be responsible for pathogenesis and prognosis of İTP.Asemthomatic patients and patiens who have 35.000 /mm3 thrombocyte count don?t need the treatment. Patients should avoid the exercise cause of the risk of bleeding. İTP can be treated with steroids, prednisone, intravenous immune globulin, Anti Rh (D). Immunosuppressive agents, danazol, plasmapheres and splenectomy may be required for resistant cases. Thrombocytes suspension is endicated for acute neurological findings and active bleeding.% 70-80 of patients recover within 6 months, %50 of patients recover within a month. Spontane remission is rarely for patients who persist this desease during one more 1 year. Rate of inveteracy is more among adults..We aimed to show role of oxidan and antioxidan systems for patients with acute İTP. In addition, whether it is affected from these systems or not. We examined 27 patiens who diagnosed with acute İTP after their first admission to our Pediatric Haematology Polyclinic, 25 patienst who fallowed with chronic İTP in our Pediatric Haematology Polyclinic, and 21 healthy children for control group. İn addition, we divided the acute İTP group into two group as pre-` high doze steroid therapy? and post- `high doze steroid therapy? groups. Then we took the blood specimens for once to examine the parameters of serum malondialdehit, total antioxidan capasity, total oxidan condition, and oksidan stress index from each group.Our study showed that, when we prepared the patiens, we established higher levels of malondialdehit, lower levels of antioxidan capasity and higher oxidan capasity among the patiens with acute and chronic İTP than control group. Highest antioxidan levels and lowest oxidan capasity are established among the acute İTP patients without steroid therapy. However, increasing of oxidan parameters and decreasing of antioxidan parameters are revealed with steroid therapy for patiens with acute İTP.Finally, our study showed that increasing of oxidan stress and decreasing of antioxidan capasity are present for especially acute İTP. In addition, steroid therapy repairs the failure a little. But further studies are needed for patients with İTP to clarify if increasing of oxidan stress and decreasing of antioxidan enzyme levels are reason or result.Key words: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, high dose methylprednisolone, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (İTP) is a syndrome characterized by thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100.000/mm3), the presence of anti-platelet antibodies in the plasma, the short life periods of the platelets, and an increase of megakaryocytes in the bone-marrow. It?s used to express the thrombocytopenies which have no apparent acquired cause in its etymology.In acute İTP form (children); the platelet count returns to normal within 6 months after diagnosis (> 150.000/mm3) and relapse does not occur. In chronic İTP form (adults), platelet count remains low during more than 6 months. However, in the % 1-4 rates of the cases who have normal thrombocytes count after 6 months, although it?s detected normally without therapy duration of least 3 months or longer, thrombocytopenia may occur again and is called recurren form.The main factor is reducing life periods of the platelets in pathogenezis. Lots of researches have been done earlier for this issue. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress and free radicals can be responsible for pathogenesis and prognosis of İTP.Asemthomatic patients and patiens who have 35.000 /mm3 thrombocyte count don?t need the treatment. Patients should avoid the exercise cause of the risk of bleeding. İTP can be treated with steroids, prednisone, intravenous immune globulin, Anti Rh (D). Immunosuppressive agents, danazol, plasmapheres and splenectomy may be required for resistant cases. Thrombocytes suspension is endicated for acute neurological findings and active bleeding.% 70-80 of patients recover within 6 months, %50 of patients recover within a month. Spontane remission is rarely for patients who persist this desease during one more 1 year. Rate of inveteracy is more among adults..We aimed to show role of oxidan and antioxidan systems for patients with acute İTP. In addition, whether it is affected from these systems or not. We examined 27 patiens who diagnosed with acute İTP after their first admission to our Pediatric Haematology Polyclinic, 25 patienst who fallowed with chronic İTP in our Pediatric Haematology Polyclinic, and 21 healthy children for control group. İn addition, we divided the acute İTP group into two group as pre-` high doze steroid therapy? and post- `high doze steroid therapy? groups. Then we took the blood specimens for once to examine the parameters of serum malondialdehit, total antioxidan capasity, total oxidan condition, and oksidan stress index from each group.Our study showed that, when we prepared the patiens, we established higher levels of malondialdehit, lower levels of antioxidan capasity and higher oxidan capasity among the patiens with acute and chronic İTP than control group. Highest antioxidan levels and lowest oxidan capasity are established among the acute İTP patients without steroid therapy. However, increasing of oxidan parameters and decreasing of antioxidan parameters are revealed with steroid therapy for patiens with acute İTP.Finally, our study showed that increasing of oxidan stress and decreasing of antioxidan capasity are present for especially acute İTP. In addition, steroid therapy repairs the failure a little. But further studies are needed for patients with İTP to clarify if increasing of oxidan stress and decreasing of antioxidan enzyme levels are reason or result.Key words: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, high dose methylprednisolone, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity.
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Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Oksidatif Stres, Child Health and Diseases, Oxidative Stress
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