The Relationship Between Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin and Score Categories in Individuals Living With Hiv
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2023
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Kronik bir hastalık olarak anılmaya başlanan Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) enfeksiyonu birçok sistemi etkileyerek renal, pulmoner, metabolik, kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) ve malignite prevalansını artırmaktadır. Bunlar içerisinde KVH morbidite ve mortaliteyi artıran önemli nedenlerden biridir. Genel topluma göre 1,5-2 kat artmış olan KVH riskini değerlendirmek önemlidir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda mevcut KVH risk algoritmalarının HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde KVH riskini olduğundan daha az tahmin ettiği bildirilmiştir. HIV enfeksiyonu belirgin oksidatif strese neden olarak reaktif oksijen türlerini arttırır ve antioksidan kapasiteyi azaltır. Biz çalışmamızda iskemi ve oksidatif stresle ilişkili olan serum iskemi modifiye albümin (sİMA) biyobelirtecini HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde değerlendirdik. KVH risk algoritmalarından olan Sistematik Koroner Risk Değerlendirmesi (SCORE) kategorileriyle sİMA düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç yöntem: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp merkezi etik kurulundan onay alındıktan sonra 60 HIV ile yaşayan bireyle 25 tane sağlıklı gurup çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların enfeksiyon polikliniğinde genel muayene ve tetkikleri yapıldı. Alınan kanlar sİMA çalışmak için -80 derecede saklandı. Saklanan kanlar daha sonra biyokimya laboratuvarında ELİSA yöntemi ile çalışıldı ve sonuçlar yazıldı. Her hastanın KVH risk oranı European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) derneğinin internet sitesinde HEARTSCORE sistemi ile hesaplandı ve yazıldı. Bulgular: Kontrol ve vaka grubu arasında hastaların yaş, cinsiyet dağılımı, bel çevresi, BKI değeri, sigara kullanımı ve sistolik kan basıncı anlamlı (p>0.05) farklılık göstermemiştir. Vaka grubunda HDL değeri kontrol grubundan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha düşüktü. Vaka grubunda TG değeri kontrol grubundan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha yüksekti. Vaka grubunda IMA>3000 oranı ve IMA değeri kontrol grubundan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha yüksekti. IMA>3000 grubunda, IMA<3000 grubuna göre HDL değeri anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha düşükken, TG değeri ise anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha yüksekti. IMA>3000 grubunda orta-yüksek SCORE risk oranı IMA<3000 grubundan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha yüksekti. IMA>3000 grubunda vaka grubu orta-yüksek SCORE risk oranı IMA<3000 grubundan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha yüksekti Kontrol grubunda ise IMA>3000 ve IMA<3000 olanlar arasında SCORE risk oranı anlamlı (p>0.05) farklılık göstermemiştir. SCORE risk orta-yüksek olan grupta CD4 değeri SCORE risk düşük olan gruptan anlamlı (p<0.05) olarak daha düşüktü. IMA ile HEARTSCORE risk oranları arasında anlamlı (r=0.387/ p=0.000) pozitif korelasyon gözlenmiştir. Tartışma ve sonuç: Çalışmamız, tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla, HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde serum İMA düzeylerinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışmadır. HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde, 10 yıllık ölümcül veya ölümcül olmayan, SCORE algoritmasında ölçülen düşük ve orta-yüksek KVH risk kategorileriyle sİMA düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon tespit ettik. Ayrıca çalışma ve kontrol grubunun SCORE kategorileri benzer ağırlıkta olmasına rağmen, HIV ile yaşayan bireylerdeki genel sİMA düzeylerini de kontrol grubundan anlamlı derecede yüksek saptadık. Çeşitli hastalıklarda, farklı parametrelerle anlamlı ilişkisi saptanmış olan sİMA molekülüyle yapılan çalışma sonuçları bize, bu molekülün kontrolsüz HIV enfeksiyonu, tedavi uyumsuz hastalar, akut veya kronik dönemlerle ilgili gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalarda, ek bilgiler sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Çalışmamızda SCORE risk kategorileriyle serum İMA değerleri arasındaki anlamlı ilişkiyi, kontrol grubunda saptayamamamıza rağmen HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde bulduk. Özellikle KVH riski yüksek olan bu grupta mevcut KVH risk tahmin algoritmalarına ek olarak, sİMA'nın biyobelirteç olarak kullanımının ne düzeyde değerli olabileceği, gelecekteki çok merkezli ve daha çok sayıda olgu içeren çalışmalarla incelenmesi, bu molekülün önemi konusunda daha fazla bilgi sağlayacaktır. Genel toplum için uyarlanan KVH risk algoritmalarının bu popülasyonda KVH riskini olduğundan daha az düzeyde tahmin ettiği ve bu algoritmaların 40 yaş altında kullanımının uygun olmadığı göz önüne alındığında KVH doğru risk tahmininde fayda sağlayabilecek biyobelirteçlerin önemi daha da artmaktadır.
Introduction and Aim: Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) being referred to as a chronic disease, increases the prevelance of renal, pulmonary, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and malignancy by affecting many systems. CVD is one of the important causes that increase morbidity and mortality. It is important to evaluate the CVD risk, which is 1.5-2 times higher than the general population. However, studies have reported that current CVD risk algorithms underestimate CVD risk in individuals with HIV. HIV infection increases reactive oxygen species and decreasing antioxidant capacity by causing the significant oxidative stress. In our study, we evaluated the serum ischemia modified albumin (sIMA) biomarker, which is associated with ischemia and oxidative stress, in individuals with HIV. We aimed to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE) categories, which is one of the CVD risk algorithms, and sIMA levels. Materials and Method: 60 individuals with HIV and 25 healthy individuals were included in the study after approval from the ethics committee of Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center. The physical examination and medical analysis of the patients were performed in the infection polyclinic. The bloods taken were stored at -80 degrees for sIMA analysis. The stored blood samples were studied with the ELISA method in the biochemistry laboratory and the results were registered. The CVD risk ratio of each patient was calculated and written down by using the HEARTSCORE system on the website of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Findings: Age, gender distribution, waist circumference, BMI value, smoking usage and systolic blood pressure of the patients did not differ significantly between the control and case groups (p>0.05). HDL value in the case group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group. The TG value in the case group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. IMA>3000 ratio and IMA value in the case group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. In the IMA>3000 group, the HDL value was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the IMA<3000 group, while the TG value was significantly (p<0.05) higher. In the IMA>3000 group, the moderate-high SCORE risk ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the IMA<3000 group. In the control group, the SCORE risk ratio did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between those with IMA>3000 and IMA<3000. CD4 value was significantly lower in the group with moderate-high SCORE risk than in the group with low SCORE risk (p<0.05) A significant (r=0.387/ p=0.000) positive correlation was observed between IMA and HEARTSCORE risk ratios. Discussion and Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate serum IMA levels in individuals with HIV in as much as our research. In individuals with HIV, we determined a significant correlation between the 10-year fatal or non-fatal, low and moderate-high CVD risk categories measured in the SCORE algorithm and siMA levels. Furthermore, although the SCORE categories of the study and control groups were similar, we found that the general SIMA levels in individuals with HIV were also significantly higher than the control group. The results of the studies conducted with the siMA molecule, which has been found to be significantly associated with different parameters in various diseases, give rise to thought that this molecule may provide additional information in future studies on uncontrolled HIV infection, nonadherence to therapy patients, acute or chronic periods. In our study, we found a significant relationship between SCORE risk categories and serum IMA values in individuals with HIV, although we could not detect it in the control group. Especially in high CVD risk group, in addition to the existing CVD risk estimation algorithms, examining the value of the use of sIMA as a biomarker in future multicenter studies with more cases will provide more information on the importance of this molecule. Considering that the CVD risk algorithms adapted for the general population underestimate the CVD risk in this population and that these algorithms are not suitable for under the age of 40, the importance of biomarkers that can be beneficial in accurate CVD risk estimation becomes even more important.
Introduction and Aim: Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) being referred to as a chronic disease, increases the prevelance of renal, pulmonary, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and malignancy by affecting many systems. CVD is one of the important causes that increase morbidity and mortality. It is important to evaluate the CVD risk, which is 1.5-2 times higher than the general population. However, studies have reported that current CVD risk algorithms underestimate CVD risk in individuals with HIV. HIV infection increases reactive oxygen species and decreasing antioxidant capacity by causing the significant oxidative stress. In our study, we evaluated the serum ischemia modified albumin (sIMA) biomarker, which is associated with ischemia and oxidative stress, in individuals with HIV. We aimed to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE) categories, which is one of the CVD risk algorithms, and sIMA levels. Materials and Method: 60 individuals with HIV and 25 healthy individuals were included in the study after approval from the ethics committee of Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center. The physical examination and medical analysis of the patients were performed in the infection polyclinic. The bloods taken were stored at -80 degrees for sIMA analysis. The stored blood samples were studied with the ELISA method in the biochemistry laboratory and the results were registered. The CVD risk ratio of each patient was calculated and written down by using the HEARTSCORE system on the website of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Findings: Age, gender distribution, waist circumference, BMI value, smoking usage and systolic blood pressure of the patients did not differ significantly between the control and case groups (p>0.05). HDL value in the case group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group. The TG value in the case group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. IMA>3000 ratio and IMA value in the case group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. In the IMA>3000 group, the HDL value was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the IMA<3000 group, while the TG value was significantly (p<0.05) higher. In the IMA>3000 group, the moderate-high SCORE risk ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the IMA<3000 group. In the control group, the SCORE risk ratio did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between those with IMA>3000 and IMA<3000. CD4 value was significantly lower in the group with moderate-high SCORE risk than in the group with low SCORE risk (p<0.05) A significant (r=0.387/ p=0.000) positive correlation was observed between IMA and HEARTSCORE risk ratios. Discussion and Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate serum IMA levels in individuals with HIV in as much as our research. In individuals with HIV, we determined a significant correlation between the 10-year fatal or non-fatal, low and moderate-high CVD risk categories measured in the SCORE algorithm and siMA levels. Furthermore, although the SCORE categories of the study and control groups were similar, we found that the general SIMA levels in individuals with HIV were also significantly higher than the control group. The results of the studies conducted with the siMA molecule, which has been found to be significantly associated with different parameters in various diseases, give rise to thought that this molecule may provide additional information in future studies on uncontrolled HIV infection, nonadherence to therapy patients, acute or chronic periods. In our study, we found a significant relationship between SCORE risk categories and serum IMA values in individuals with HIV, although we could not detect it in the control group. Especially in high CVD risk group, in addition to the existing CVD risk estimation algorithms, examining the value of the use of sIMA as a biomarker in future multicenter studies with more cases will provide more information on the importance of this molecule. Considering that the CVD risk algorithms adapted for the general population underestimate the CVD risk in this population and that these algorithms are not suitable for under the age of 40, the importance of biomarkers that can be beneficial in accurate CVD risk estimation becomes even more important.
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Klinik Bakteriyoloji ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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