Development of Immobilized Lipase for Industrial Biodiesel Production
Abstract
Bu çalışmada tutuklanmış lipaz enzim sistemi geliştirilmiş ve biyodizel üretimine uygulanmıştır. Lipaz enzimi katalizörlüğünde gerçekleştirilen transesterifikasyon tepkimesi ile daha temiz ve daha az saflaştırma gereksinimi duyan biyodizel üretilmiştir. Lipazların tutuklanması için destek maddesi olarak pamuk iplikler kullanılmıştır. Bu tür destek maddeleri, ucuz ve kolay bulunabilir, yüksek mekanik dayanıma sahip olma, difüzyon sınırlamalarından asgari düzeyde etkilenme ve endüstriyel tip dolgulu kolonlara iyi uyum gösterme gibi avantajlar sunmaktadırlar.İpliksi materyale tutuklamaya çalışılan çeşitli lipazlar arasında Candida antarctica lipaz A ve Thermomyces lanuginosus lipazları Polietilenimin-çok katmanlı enzim tutuklama yöntemine göre ipliksi materyale başarılı biçimde tutuklanmıştır. Candida antarctica lipaz A ve Thermomyces lanuginosus lipazları 1 gram ipliksi materyale sırasıyla 200 mg ve 180 mg protein verimiyle tutuklanmıştır. Dolgulu kolon reaktörde tutuklu Thermomyces lanuginosus lipazları ile yapılan biyodizel çalışmalarında metanol ve etanol ile % 90 biyodizel verimleri elde edilmiştir. Candida antarctica lipaz A ile dolgulu kolonda yürütülen tepkime de ise metanol, etanol ve izoamil alkollerle % 30-50 civarında biyodizel verimleri elde edilmiştir. Thermomyces lanuginosus lipazları ile yapılan biyodizel çalışmalarında ayçiçeği, kolza ve kullanılmış kızartma yağlarından metanol ile yüksek biyodizel verimleri elde edilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcük: Biyodizel, Lipaz, Tutuklanma, Polietilenimin, İpliksi materyal, Dolgulu Kolon
Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is obtained from agricultural oils. Common procedure for production of biodiesel depends on use inorganic alkaline catalysis. Although use of alkali catalysis has advantages such as short time and high yields, the reaction has several drawbacks which include energy intensity, difficult glycerol recovery and need for removal of alkaline salts from the product.The costs of biodiesel as well as the byproduct glycerol are increased considerably with difficult and expensive purification procedures. Lipase catalyzed transesterification methods can potentially produce cleaner biodiesel requiring less purification. Also compared with chemical catalysis, energy need and capital costs associated with a biochemical biodiesel plant are considerably cheaper.Despite the advantages, production of biodiesel with immobilized lipase has not been commercialized due to high cost and insufficient operation stability. Considering the current level of success for biodiesel production achieved with available immobilized lipase preparations, one can observe that the outcome is far short to meet industrial expectations. The object of present proposal is to use fibrous supports such as cotton cloth. Fibrous type supports are advantageous over the particulate matrices in that they are inexpensive and widely available and possess desired characteristics such as high mechanical strength, limited diffusion resistance and applicable for industrial packed bed reactors.Keywords:Biodiesel, lipase, Immobilization, Polyethyleneimine, Fibrous Support, Plug-Flow Reactor
Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is obtained from agricultural oils. Common procedure for production of biodiesel depends on use inorganic alkaline catalysis. Although use of alkali catalysis has advantages such as short time and high yields, the reaction has several drawbacks which include energy intensity, difficult glycerol recovery and need for removal of alkaline salts from the product.The costs of biodiesel as well as the byproduct glycerol are increased considerably with difficult and expensive purification procedures. Lipase catalyzed transesterification methods can potentially produce cleaner biodiesel requiring less purification. Also compared with chemical catalysis, energy need and capital costs associated with a biochemical biodiesel plant are considerably cheaper.Despite the advantages, production of biodiesel with immobilized lipase has not been commercialized due to high cost and insufficient operation stability. Considering the current level of success for biodiesel production achieved with available immobilized lipase preparations, one can observe that the outcome is far short to meet industrial expectations. The object of present proposal is to use fibrous supports such as cotton cloth. Fibrous type supports are advantageous over the particulate matrices in that they are inexpensive and widely available and possess desired characteristics such as high mechanical strength, limited diffusion resistance and applicable for industrial packed bed reactors.Keywords:Biodiesel, lipase, Immobilization, Polyethyleneimine, Fibrous Support, Plug-Flow Reactor
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Biyoteknoloji, Biyoteknoloji, Enzim Immobilizasyonu, Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Enzyme Immobilization
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