The Effect of Different Pretreatments and Enzymatic Extraction Conditions on the Composition and Quality of Rice Bran Oil
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, pirinç kepeği yağının enzimatik ekstraksiyonu irdelenmiştir. Beş farklı enzimin (Alcalase 2.4L, Celluclast 1.5L, Neutrase 0.8L, Viscozyme L ve Pectinex® Ultra SPL) ve operasyonel değişkenlerin (sıcaklık, pH, zaman, su tohumu kütle oranı ve enzim konsantrasyonu) pirinç kepeği yağının verimi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Pirinç kepeği yağı verimini optimize etmek için yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Emülsiyondan serbest yağ verimini artırmak için de-emülsifikasyon yöntemleri (dondurma-çözdürme, ısıtma, tuz ve etanol ilavesi) uygulanmıştır. Pirinç kepeği yağının ekstraksiyon verimi üzerine enzimatik ekstraksiyon öncesi mikrodalga, kavurma ve ultrason gibi ön işlemlerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinden elde edilen pirinç kepeği yağının fizikokimyasal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada uygulanan 5 enzimden sadece Alcalase 2.4L enzimi pirinç kepeği yağının ekstraksiyonunda etkili olmuştur. Optimize edilmiş koşullar altında (%1 enzim derişimi, pH 9.0, sıcaklık 60°C, 8 saat ekstraksiyon süresi ve 1:6 pirinç kepeği/su oranı) enzimatik ekstraksiyon gerçekleştirildiğinde, maksimum %48.81 emülsifiye yağ verimi elde edilmiştir. Etanol ekleme en etkili de-emülsifikasyon yöntemi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mikrodalga, kavurma ve ultrason ön işlemleri emülsifiye yağ verimini %48.81'den sırasıyla; %52.66, 56.58 ve 65.15'e yükseltmiştir.
In this study, the enzymatic extraction of oil from rice bran has been investigated. The effects of five different enzymes (Alcalase 2.4L, Celluclast 1.5L, Neutrase 0.8L, Viscozyme L, and Pectinex® Ultra SPL) and operational variables (temperature, pH, time, water seed mass ratio, and enzyme concentration) on the yeild of the rice bran oil have been evaluated. Response surface method has been applied to optimize the yield of the rice bran oil. De-emulsification methods (freezing-thawing, heating, salt and ethanol addition) have been applied in order to increase the free oil yeild from emulsion. The effects of pretreatment methods, such as microwave, roasting, and ultrasound on the extraction yield of the rice bran applied before the enzymatic extraction have been investigated. The physicochemical properties of rice bran oil obtained from different extraction methods have been compared. Among the tested 5 enzymes only Alcalase have been found to be effective in the extraction of rice bran oil.A maximum emulsified oil yield of 48.81% was obtained when enzymatic extraction was performed under optimized conditions (1% enzyme concentration, pH 9.0, temperature 60 °C, 8 hours extraction time and 1:6 rice bran to water ratio). Ethanol addition has been found as the most effective de-emulsification method. Microwave, roasting and ultrasound pretreatments increased the emulsified oil yield from 48.81% to 52.66%, 56.58% and 65.15%, respectively.
In this study, the enzymatic extraction of oil from rice bran has been investigated. The effects of five different enzymes (Alcalase 2.4L, Celluclast 1.5L, Neutrase 0.8L, Viscozyme L, and Pectinex® Ultra SPL) and operational variables (temperature, pH, time, water seed mass ratio, and enzyme concentration) on the yeild of the rice bran oil have been evaluated. Response surface method has been applied to optimize the yield of the rice bran oil. De-emulsification methods (freezing-thawing, heating, salt and ethanol addition) have been applied in order to increase the free oil yeild from emulsion. The effects of pretreatment methods, such as microwave, roasting, and ultrasound on the extraction yield of the rice bran applied before the enzymatic extraction have been investigated. The physicochemical properties of rice bran oil obtained from different extraction methods have been compared. Among the tested 5 enzymes only Alcalase have been found to be effective in the extraction of rice bran oil.A maximum emulsified oil yield of 48.81% was obtained when enzymatic extraction was performed under optimized conditions (1% enzyme concentration, pH 9.0, temperature 60 °C, 8 hours extraction time and 1:6 rice bran to water ratio). Ethanol addition has been found as the most effective de-emulsification method. Microwave, roasting and ultrasound pretreatments increased the emulsified oil yield from 48.81% to 52.66%, 56.58% and 65.15%, respectively.
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Keywords
Gıda Mühendisliği, Enzimatik esterleşme, Kavurma, Mikrodalgalar, Optimizasyon, Ultrason, Food Engineering, Enzymatic esterification, Roasting, Microwaves, Optimization, Ultrasound
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