Comparison of Rough Motor Levels of Individuals in Different Disability Groups
Abstract
Araştırmamızın amacı farklı engel gruplarında bulunan otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), zihinsel engelli (ZE) ve öğrenme güçlüğü (ÖG) bireylerin kaba motor beceri düzeylerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu araştırmaya 12-17 yaş grubunda 32 OSB (12 kadın, 10 erkek), 32 Zihinsel engelli (9 kadın, 23 erkek), 32 öğrenme güçlüğü (14 kadın, 18 erkek) toplamda 96 kişi katıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2020-2021 Van İli Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü bünyesinde bulun Ortaokul ve lise kademesinde özel eğitim sınıflarında eğitim gören ve özel eğitim rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde eğitimlerini sürdüren 12-17 yaş arası farklı engel grubunda bulunan toplamda 96 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımda gönüllülük esas alınmıştır. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce Van Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünden gerekli izinler ve Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimleri Yayın Etik Kurulu'nun 27/03/2020 tarih ve 2020/02-02 sayılı etik onayı alınmış ve ayrıca çalışmaya katılan çocukların ailelerinde izin kabul formunu imzalamaları istenmiştir. Katılımcıların cinsiyet değişkenine göre 61'inin (%63,05) erkek, 35'inin (%36,05) kadınlardan oluştuğu görüldü Yaş ortalamaları erkeklerde 14±0,46, kadınlarda, 14±0,39; Kilo ortalamaları; erkekler 50±0,37 kg, kadınlar 48±0,18 kg ve boy ortalamalarının ise erkeklerde 150±0,32, kadınlarda 148±0,15 olduğu görülmüştür. Kadın ve erkek arasında yaş, kilo ve boy değişkenlerinde ortalama değerlerin birbirine yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların motor beceri düzeylerinin ölçümü için Bruininks-Oseretsky Yeterlilik Testi (BOT-2) denge (9 alt madde) ve kuvvet (5 alt madde) alt testleri uygulanarak motor beceri düzeyleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızın ölçüm değerlerine ilişkin karşılaştırmalar istatiksel paket programı (SPSS) ile analiz edildi ve yorumlandı. İki farklı grubun karşılaştırılmasını yapmak için Mann-Whitney U Testi ve Kruskall Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar için anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p<0.05 değeri seçildi. Çalışmamızda cinsiyet değişkenine göre denge alt testinin madde analizleri sonucunda; dm3, dm5, dm6, dm7, dm8' de kadınların ortalamasının erkeklerden yüksek olduğu; dm1, dm2, dm4, dm9'da da erkeklerin ortalamasının kadınların ortalamasından yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Kuvvet alt testi maddelerinde, km1, km2, km3, km4, km5 ise erkeklerin kadınlardan daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Denge ve kuvvet alt testlerinde engel gruplarının kaba motor beceri düzeylerinin ortalama değerleri incelendiğinde, en yüksek ortalamaya sahip grubun öğrenme güçlüğü olduğu, en düşük ortalamaya sahip grubunda otizm olduğu görülmüştür. Kruskall Wallis Test sonucunda kadın ve erkek arasında denge alt testinde dm6 ve dm7' de kadınlar lehine anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür (p<0.05). Kuvvet alt testinin km1, km2, km3 ve km4' te anlamlı fark görülmezken, km5' te erkekler lehine anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür (p<0.05). Çalışmamızda engel grupları arasında denge alt testinin dm1, dm2 dışında ki tüm alt maddelerde motor beceri düzeylerinde engel grupları arasında anlamlı fark görülmüştür (p<0.05). Denge becerisinde dm3, dm5, dm6 ve dm9' da OSB' ye göre ZE' nin lehine, OSB ile ÖG arasında, ÖG lehine anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür (p<0.05). Denge alt testinin dm7 ve dm8' de ise OSB ile ZE gruplarına göre ÖG grubu lehine anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür (p<0.05). Denge ve kuvvet alt testinin tüm maddelerinde, ÖG grubunun ortalama değerlerinin OSB ve ZE gruplarına göre daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda çalışmamıza katılan bireylerin kaba motor beceri düzeylerinin, engel derecesi, yaş, kilo, boy, deneyim eksikliği gibi sebeplerden etkilenebileceği düşünülebilir. Toplumda dezavantajlı grubu oluşturan özel gereksinimli bireylerin eğitimlerine planlı beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin dâhil edilmesinin onların fiziksel, sosyal, bilişsel ve duyusal anlamda tam bir iyilik halinde olmalarına katkı sağlayabileceğini, engel grupları arasındaki farkı azaltabileceğini vurgulayabiliriz.
The aim of our research is to compare the gross motor skill levels of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (DI) and learning disability (LD) in different disability groups. A total of 96 people, 32 with ASD (12 women, 10 men), 32 with intellectual disabilities (9 women, 23 men), 32 with learning disabilities (14 women, 18 men) in the 12-17 age group participated in this study. The sample of the research is located within the scope of 2020-2021 Van Provincial Directorate of National Education. A total of 96 people in the 12-17 age group, who are educated in special education classes at secondary and high school level and continue their education in special education rehabilitation centers, participated. Participation is based on volunteerism. Before starting the study, the necessary permissions were obtained from the Van National Education Directorate and the ethics approval of the Social and Human Sciences Publication Ethics Committee of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, dated 27/03/2020 and numbered 2020/02-02, and the families of the children participating in the study were also asked to sign the consent form. . According to the gender variable, 61 (63.05%) of the participants were male and 35 (36.05%) were female. The mean age was 14±0.46 for males and 14±0.39 for females; Weight averages; men 50±0.37 kg, women 48±0.18 kg and the mean height was 150±0.32 for men and 148±0.15 for women. It was observed that the mean values of age, weight and height variables were close to each other between men and women. In order to measure the motor skill levels of the participants, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Proficiency Test (BOT-2) balance (9 sub-items) and strength (5 sub-items) subtests were applied and their motor skill levels were compared. Comparisons of the measurement values of our study were analyzed and interpreted with the statistical package program (SPSS). Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskall Wallis Test were used to compare two different groups. The p<0.05 value was chosen as the significance level for comparisons. In our study, as a result of the item analysis of the balance subtest according to the gender variable; In dm3, dm5, dm6, dm7, dm8, the average of women is higher than men; In dm1, dm2, dm4, dm9, it was observed that the mean of men was higher than the mean of women. In the strength subtest items, km1, km2, km3, km4, km5 were found to have higher mean scores for men than women. When the average values of the gross motor skill levels of the disability groups in the balance and strength subtests were examined, it was seen that the group with the highest average had learning disability, and the group with the lowest average had autism. As a result of Kruskall Wallis Test, there was a significant difference in favor of women in dm6 and dm7 in balance subtest between men and women (p<0.05). While there was no significant difference in km1, km2, km3 and km4 of the strength subtest, there was a significant difference in favor of men in km5 (p<0.05). In our study, there was a significant difference between disability groups in motor skill levels in all sub-items of the balance subtest except dm1, dm2 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in balance skill in dm3, dm5, dm6 and dm9 in favor of ZE according to ASD, and between ASD and LD in favor of OD (p<0.05). In the dm7 and dm8 of the balance subtest, a significant difference was observed in favor of the OD group compared to the ASD and ZE groups (p<0.05). In all items of the balance and strength subtest, the mean values of the OD group were found to be better than the ASD and ZE groups. In line with this result, it can be thought that the motor skill levels of the individuals participating in our study may be affected by factors such as disability degree, age, weight, height, lack of experience. We can emphasize that the inclusion of planned physical education and sports activities in the education of individuals with special needs, who constitute the disadvantaged group in the society, can contribute to their physical, social, cognitive and sensory well-being and reduce the difference between disability groups.
The aim of our research is to compare the gross motor skill levels of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (DI) and learning disability (LD) in different disability groups. A total of 96 people, 32 with ASD (12 women, 10 men), 32 with intellectual disabilities (9 women, 23 men), 32 with learning disabilities (14 women, 18 men) in the 12-17 age group participated in this study. The sample of the research is located within the scope of 2020-2021 Van Provincial Directorate of National Education. A total of 96 people in the 12-17 age group, who are educated in special education classes at secondary and high school level and continue their education in special education rehabilitation centers, participated. Participation is based on volunteerism. Before starting the study, the necessary permissions were obtained from the Van National Education Directorate and the ethics approval of the Social and Human Sciences Publication Ethics Committee of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, dated 27/03/2020 and numbered 2020/02-02, and the families of the children participating in the study were also asked to sign the consent form. . According to the gender variable, 61 (63.05%) of the participants were male and 35 (36.05%) were female. The mean age was 14±0.46 for males and 14±0.39 for females; Weight averages; men 50±0.37 kg, women 48±0.18 kg and the mean height was 150±0.32 for men and 148±0.15 for women. It was observed that the mean values of age, weight and height variables were close to each other between men and women. In order to measure the motor skill levels of the participants, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Proficiency Test (BOT-2) balance (9 sub-items) and strength (5 sub-items) subtests were applied and their motor skill levels were compared. Comparisons of the measurement values of our study were analyzed and interpreted with the statistical package program (SPSS). Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskall Wallis Test were used to compare two different groups. The p<0.05 value was chosen as the significance level for comparisons. In our study, as a result of the item analysis of the balance subtest according to the gender variable; In dm3, dm5, dm6, dm7, dm8, the average of women is higher than men; In dm1, dm2, dm4, dm9, it was observed that the mean of men was higher than the mean of women. In the strength subtest items, km1, km2, km3, km4, km5 were found to have higher mean scores for men than women. When the average values of the gross motor skill levels of the disability groups in the balance and strength subtests were examined, it was seen that the group with the highest average had learning disability, and the group with the lowest average had autism. As a result of Kruskall Wallis Test, there was a significant difference in favor of women in dm6 and dm7 in balance subtest between men and women (p<0.05). While there was no significant difference in km1, km2, km3 and km4 of the strength subtest, there was a significant difference in favor of men in km5 (p<0.05). In our study, there was a significant difference between disability groups in motor skill levels in all sub-items of the balance subtest except dm1, dm2 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in balance skill in dm3, dm5, dm6 and dm9 in favor of ZE according to ASD, and between ASD and LD in favor of OD (p<0.05). In the dm7 and dm8 of the balance subtest, a significant difference was observed in favor of the OD group compared to the ASD and ZE groups (p<0.05). In all items of the balance and strength subtest, the mean values of the OD group were found to be better than the ASD and ZE groups. In line with this result, it can be thought that the motor skill levels of the individuals participating in our study may be affected by factors such as disability degree, age, weight, height, lack of experience. We can emphasize that the inclusion of planned physical education and sports activities in the education of individuals with special needs, who constitute the disadvantaged group in the society, can contribute to their physical, social, cognitive and sensory well-being and reduce the difference between disability groups.
Description
Keywords
Spor, Kaba motor becerileri, Otistik bozukluklar, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Zihinsel engelliler, Öğrenme, Öğrenme güçlüğü, Sports, Gross motor skills, Autistic disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, Mentally retardation, Learning, Learning difficulty
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