Effects of Biochar and Manure Applications on Spinach (spinacia Oleracea L.) Cultivation in Van Ecological Conditions
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2022
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Van ili arazi koşullarında ıspanakta biyokömür ve çiftlik gübresi uygulamalarının etkisini belirlemek amacıyla iki yıl sonbahar ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, bitkisel materyal olarak Matador ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea L.) çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Gübre dozları olarak; kontrol ve inorganik kimyasal gübre (KG) (N:P:K: 12kg:8kg:12kg) uygulamasının yanında, KG'ye ilave edilen 3 farklı biyokömür (100, 200 ve 300 kg meşe odun kömürü/da) uygulaması ve KG'ye ilave edilen 3 farklı çiftlik gübresi (1, 2 ve 3 ton koyun gübresi/da) uygulaması yer almaktadır. Tesadüf parselleri deneme bloklarına göre dizayn edilen denemede, 8 gübre uygulaması, 2 tohum ekim dönemi (15 Ekim ve 15 Mart) ve 3 tekerrür için 2×2 m2 ebadında tavalar şeklinde hazırlanmış toplamda 48 parsel oluşturulmuştur. Parsellere 2.5kg/da oranında tohum ekimi çizi usulü ile yapılmıştır. Ispanak bitkilerinde bitki sayısı, yaprak sayısı, yaprak kalınlığı, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı, bitki boyu, bitki yaş ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, gövde çapı, yaprak alanı, yaprak oransal su içeriği, toplam verim, sapa kalkma oranı, klorofil değeri, membran zararlanma indeksi ile nitrat ve besin elementi (K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na ve Mn) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler doğrultusunda dönemler bazında farklılıklar olduğu ve kullanılan gübre uygulamalarının istatistiki olarak önemli sonuçlar verdiği; KG'ye ilave edilen çiftlik gübresi uygulamalarının genelde ön plana çıktığı ve incelenen birçok parametrede en yüksek sonuçların genelde KG+3ton/da çiftlik gübresi uygulamasından alındığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, biyokömür gübresinin de kimyasal gübre uygulamasını destekleyici alternatif bir organik materyal olarak kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Matador spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) variety was employed as plant material in the present study, which was carried out in autumn and spring seasons for two years in order to determine the effect of biochar and manure applications on spinach in field conditions in Van. As applied fertilizer doses; additional to control application and inorganic chemical fertilizer (CF) (N:P:K 12kg:8kg:12kg) application, 3 different biochar applications (100, 200 and 300 kg oak charcoal/da) added to the CF as well as 3 different manures (1, 2 and 3 tons of sheep manure/da) applied to the CF. In the experiment, which was designed according to the randomized block design, a total of 48 plots were prepared in the form of pans of 2×2 m2 for 8 fertilizer applications, 2 seed sowing periods (October 15 and March 15) and 3 replications. The seeds were sown at the rate of 2.5 kg/da on grooves of the plots. Number of plants, number of leaves, leaf thickness, soluble solid content, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf proportional water content, total yield, bolting rate, chlorophyll amount, membrane damage index and nitrate and nutrient element (K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and Mn) contents in spinach plants were determined. According to the parameters examined, there are differences on the basis of sowing periods and the fertilizer applications used give statistically significant results; It is seen that farm manure applications added to CF generally come to the fore and the highest results in many parameters examined are generally obtained from the application of CF+3tons/da farm manure. In addition, it is foreseen that biochar fertilizer can be used as an alternative organic material to support the application of chemical fertilizers.
Matador spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) variety was employed as plant material in the present study, which was carried out in autumn and spring seasons for two years in order to determine the effect of biochar and manure applications on spinach in field conditions in Van. As applied fertilizer doses; additional to control application and inorganic chemical fertilizer (CF) (N:P:K 12kg:8kg:12kg) application, 3 different biochar applications (100, 200 and 300 kg oak charcoal/da) added to the CF as well as 3 different manures (1, 2 and 3 tons of sheep manure/da) applied to the CF. In the experiment, which was designed according to the randomized block design, a total of 48 plots were prepared in the form of pans of 2×2 m2 for 8 fertilizer applications, 2 seed sowing periods (October 15 and March 15) and 3 replications. The seeds were sown at the rate of 2.5 kg/da on grooves of the plots. Number of plants, number of leaves, leaf thickness, soluble solid content, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf proportional water content, total yield, bolting rate, chlorophyll amount, membrane damage index and nitrate and nutrient element (K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and Mn) contents in spinach plants were determined. According to the parameters examined, there are differences on the basis of sowing periods and the fertilizer applications used give statistically significant results; It is seen that farm manure applications added to CF generally come to the fore and the highest results in many parameters examined are generally obtained from the application of CF+3tons/da farm manure. In addition, it is foreseen that biochar fertilizer can be used as an alternative organic material to support the application of chemical fertilizers.
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Ziraat, Biyokömür, Ispanak, Sürdürülebilir tarım, Van, Çiftlik gübresi, Agriculture, Biochar, Spinach, Sustainable agriculture, Van, Farmyard manure
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153