Mxene-Based Hybrid Nanostructures for Detection and Purification of Dyes and Pesticides

Abstract

The rapid development of various industries and the growing global population pose a threat to all resources. The increase in pollutants, such as organic dyes and pesticides—among the most common contaminants—has emerged as a major global health concern. Dyes, with their many possible uses, end up in bodies of water every year and contribute to water pollution. In addition, modern agriculture uses pesticides to increase productivity, resulting in increased concentrations of agricultural and landscape pesticides and sources of pollution. Effective, robust, and economically viable methods to treat pollutants or reduce waste with minimal impact on the environment are essential. MXene and its derivatives emerge as ideal candidates for water treatment, boasting unique properties such as ease of preparation, adjustable pore size, high porosity, acceptable conductivity, and favorable stability. Additionally, they exhibit outstanding catalytic performance against various hazardous pollutants. These materials present unique physicochemical properties and ultrathin layer structures and offer promising potential for water and wastewater treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the effectiveness of MXene and its functionalized hybrid models in dye and pesticide removal, the employed removal methods, and potential advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to develop a safer and more efficient treatment strategy. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.