Determination of the Effect of Clonostachys Rosea (sch.) Schroers and Samuels Against Verticillium Wilt (verticillium Dahliae Kleb.) and Early Blight [alternaria Solani (ell. and G. Martin) Sor.] Diseases in Tomato Plants
Abstract
Bu çalışmada domates yetiştiriciliğinde sorun teşkil eden ve önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Verticillium solgunluğu (Verticillium dahliae) ve Erken Yaprak Yanıklığı (Alternaria solani) hastalıklarına karşı Clonostachys rosea'nın etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. In vitro çalışmalarda, fungal biyokontrol ajanı C. rosea'nın A. solani ve V. dahliae üzerinde etkili olduğu ve miseliyal gelişimi baskıladığı tespit edilmiştir. In vivo çalışmalarda, C. rosea buğdaylara saldırılmış ve patojen inokulasyonlarından önce bitkilere 20 g, 30 g ve 40 g uygulama dozları şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra V. dahliae stoklarından 2 mm çapında diskler alınarak bitkinin kök bölgesine uygulanmıştır. A. solani ise 1x106 konidi/ml olacak şekilde el spreyi ile bitkilere yeşil aksamdan püskürtülerek inokule edilmiştir. Deneme sonunda hastalık şiddetleri ve morfolojik gelişim parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. V. dahliae kontrol bitkilerinde %76.0 oranında hastalık şiddetine neden olurken, C. rosea izolatının 20g, 30 g ve 40 g uygulama dozlarının ise domates bitkisindeki hastalık şiddeti sırasıyla %58.3, %55.3 ve %25.3 olarak belirlenmiştir. A. solani x C. rosea x domates patosisteminde ise hastalık şiddeti kontrol ve C. rosea'nın 20g, 30g ve 40g uygulama dozlarında sırasıyla %96.6, %63.3, %43.6 ve %46.6 olarak tespit edilmiştir. C. rosea'nın patojenleri baskılama oranları A. solani için en yüksek 30 g dozunda (%54.8), V. dahliae için ise 40 g dozunda (%66.6) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre C. rosea'nın, domates bitkisinin morfolojik gelişimine olumlu etkide bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Alternaria solani, Biyolojik mücadele, Clonostachys rosea, domates, Verticillium dahlia.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and Early Leaf Blight (Alternaria solani) diseases, which are a problem in tomato cultivation and cause significant economic losses. In in vitro studies, it was determined that the fungal biocontrol agent C. rosea was effective on A. solani and V. dahliae and suppressed mycelial growth. In In in vivo studies, C. rosea was attacked on wheat and applied to plants at application doses of 20 g, 30 g and 40 g before pathogen inoculations. Then, 2 mm diameter discs were taken from V. dahliae stocks and applied to the root zone of the plant. A. solani was inoculated at a rate of 1x106 conidia/ml by spraying the green parts of the plants with a hand spray. V. dahliae caused 76.0% disease severity in control plants, while the disease severity of 20g, 30g and 40g application doses of C. rosea isolate inoculated into wheat grains in tomato plants was determined as 58.3%, 55.3% and 25.3%, respectively. In A. solani x C. rosea x tomato pathosystem, disease severity was determined as 96.6%, 63.3%, 43.6% and 46.6% at control, and 20g, 30g, and 40g application doses of C. rosea, respectively. The pathogen suppression rates of C. rosea were determined at the highest dose of 30 g (54.8%) for A. solani and 40 g (66.6%) for V. dahliae. In the study, the effects of C. rosea on plant growth were also tried to be determined. According to the findings, C. rosea had a positive effect on the morphological development of the tomato plant Keywords: Alternaria solani, Biological control, Clonostachys rosea, Tomato, Verticillium dahlia.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and Early Leaf Blight (Alternaria solani) diseases, which are a problem in tomato cultivation and cause significant economic losses. In in vitro studies, it was determined that the fungal biocontrol agent C. rosea was effective on A. solani and V. dahliae and suppressed mycelial growth. In In in vivo studies, C. rosea was attacked on wheat and applied to plants at application doses of 20 g, 30 g and 40 g before pathogen inoculations. Then, 2 mm diameter discs were taken from V. dahliae stocks and applied to the root zone of the plant. A. solani was inoculated at a rate of 1x106 conidia/ml by spraying the green parts of the plants with a hand spray. V. dahliae caused 76.0% disease severity in control plants, while the disease severity of 20g, 30g and 40g application doses of C. rosea isolate inoculated into wheat grains in tomato plants was determined as 58.3%, 55.3% and 25.3%, respectively. In A. solani x C. rosea x tomato pathosystem, disease severity was determined as 96.6%, 63.3%, 43.6% and 46.6% at control, and 20g, 30g, and 40g application doses of C. rosea, respectively. The pathogen suppression rates of C. rosea were determined at the highest dose of 30 g (54.8%) for A. solani and 40 g (66.6%) for V. dahliae. In the study, the effects of C. rosea on plant growth were also tried to be determined. According to the findings, C. rosea had a positive effect on the morphological development of the tomato plant Keywords: Alternaria solani, Biological control, Clonostachys rosea, Tomato, Verticillium dahlia.
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Ziraat, Agriculture
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