Evaluation of Patients With Asphixia and Hipoxic Ischemic Encephalophaty Retrospectively
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2010
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Perinatal asfiksi, tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerindeki tüm gelişmelere rağmen gelişmiş ülkelerde bile yenidoğan mortalite ve morbiditesinin en başta gelen sebeplerindendir. Bu çalışmada perinatal asfiksi nedeniyle yenidoğan ünitesinde yatırılmış hastalarımızın antenatal, natal ve postnatal risk faktörlerini incelemek, Sarnat&Sarnat HİE evrelemesine göre sınıflandırılmasını, konvülziyonun ve mortalite oranlarının belirlenmesini, demografik veriler ve diğer parametreler arasında ilişki olup olmadığını saptamayı ve yıllar içerisinde olguların birçok parametre açısından değişim olup olmadığını göstermeyi amaçladık.Çalışmada Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği Yenidoğan Servisine Ocak 2005-Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasındaki dört yıllık süre içerisinde perinatal asfiksi tanısı ile yatırılan 225 yenidoğan retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu süre içinde perinatal asfiksi sıklığı %9 olarak bulundu. Perinatal asfiksi tanısı alan 225 olgunun 153'ü (%68) erkek ve 72'si (%32) kız bebeklerden oluşmaktaydı. Sarnat&Sarnat evrelemesine göre olgularımızın 90'ı (%40) evre I, 77'si (% 34.2) evre II ve 58'i (% 25.8) evre III olarak değerlendirildi. Perinatal asfiksili olguların 90'ı (%40) yenidoğan döneminde eksitus oldu. Tüm olgular arasında 90 (%40) olgu konvulziyon geçirirken, konvülziyon geçiren hastalar evrelere göre karşılaştırıldığında; evre I olguların 17'si (%20.2), evre II olguların 50'si (%64.9), evre III olguların 23'ü (%39.6) konvülziyon geçirmişti. Evre II ve III te evre I'e göre konvülziyon oranı daha yüksekti. Bu durum istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. (p <0.05). Tüm olgularda Apgar skor ortalaması evre I'de 1. dk 3,2±1,2 ve 5. dk 6,2±1,4, evre II'de 1. dk. 2,7±1,9 ve 5. dk. 5,1±2, evre III'de ise 1.dk. 3±1,3 ve 5.dk 4,6±1,8 olarak tespit edildi.Bu çalışmada; dört yıllık süre içerisinde perinatal asfiksi sıklığı ortalama %9 olarak saptandı. Asfiksili hastaların yıllara göre dağılımı incelendiğinde hastaların 58(%25.7)'i 2005 yılında, 70(%31.1)'i 2006 yılında, 52(%23.1)'i 2007 yılında ve 45(%20)'i 2008 yılında tanı almıştı. Yıllara göre dağılım incelendiğinde 2007 ve 2008 yıllarında asfiksi oranının düştüğü görüldü. Bu durum bölgemizde sağlık hizmetlerinin iyileşmesi ile ilişkilendirildi. Çalışmamızda 4 yıllık süre içerisinde evre III olguların oranı 2008 yılında en düşük düzeyde saptandı (%26) ve 2007 yılından sonra bu düşüş daha belirgindi. Evrelerin yıllar içerisinde dağılımı istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p <0.05).Son yıllarda artan perinatal bakım, personel eğitiminin artırılması ve özellikle neonatal resusitasyonun ve yenidoğan ünitelerinin teknik özelliklerin iyileştirilmesine bağlı olarak perinatal asfiksi görülme oranında düşüş sağlanmışsa da ileri evrelerde mortalite hala yüksek seyretmektedir. Perinatal asfiksi tedavisinin asfiksi oluşumunu önlemek olduğu gözönüne alınarak, riskli gebeliklerin tanınması, doğumların uygun şartlarda yapılması ve uygun resüsitasyon girişimlerinin uygulanmasının yaygınlaştırılması ve bebeklere doğum sonrası yeterli tedavi verilmesinin sağlanmasında gerekli önlemlerin alınması asfiksiye bağlı mortalite ve morbiditeyi azaltmaya katkıda bulunacaktır.Anahtar kelimeler: Perinatal asfiksi, insidans, mortalite
İnspite of the recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances; perinatal asphyxia is one of the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity even in devoloped countries. In this study newborns with perinatal asphyxia who were hospitalized in our neonatolgy unit were evaluated to determine antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors, HİE staging according to Sarnat&Sarnat classification , presence of convulsion and mortality rates, and demographic datas and the changes among these parameters through 4 years from 2005-2008.İn this study; from January 2005 to December 2008 (in a period of 4 years ) ; 225 newborns with perinatal asphyxia were evaluated retrospectively among 2500 patıents hospitalized in Yüzüncü Yıl University Medicine Faculty Neonatology Department. Perinatal asphyxia frequency was found to be 9 % . Of the 225 patients 72 were female (32 %) and 153 were male (72 %). Acording to Sarnat&Sarnat staging; 90 neonates (40%) were in stage I, 77 neonates (%34,2) in Stage II and 58 neonates (%25,8) in stage III. The number of patients who died during neonatal period were 90 (40%). Among the all patients; Ninety (40 %) neonates had convulsions. When we compared the patients who had convulsions; 17 patients (20.2%) were Stage I ,50 patients (64.9%) were stage II and 23 patients (39.6%) were stage III. İn stage II and stage III convulsion rate was higher and that was statistical significant. (p<0.05).The average first and fifth minute Apgar score were 3,2±1,2 and 6,2±1,4 in Stage I, 2,7±1,9 and 5,1±2 in Stage II; 3±1,3 and 4,6±1,8 in Stage III.İn this study perinatal asphyxia frequency was found to be 9% in four years period. When we look at the patient distrubution between years; 58 patients (25.7%) were hospitalized in 2005, 70 patients (31.1%) were hospitalized in 2006, 52 patients (23.1%) were hospitalized in 2007 and 45 patients (20%) were hospitalized in 2008. When we compared the rates among the patients ; we observed that the patient number in 2007 and 2008 were less. There was a statistically significant relation regarding distribution of stages in 4 years of time. We taught that; this circumstance depend on better Health care services in our region. İn our study the less patient number was found in 2008 (26%). After 2007 this decrease was obvious and that was statistically significant (p <0.05).Although perinatal asphyxia incidence decreased in recent years due to perinatal support, education of hospital stuff, optimal neonatal resuscitation efforts and standardization of technical features of Neonatal Units, mortality in advanced stages still remain high. Keeping in mind that the most beneficial treatment of perinatal asphyxia is to avoid the occurance of asphyxia, identification of high risk pregnancies, establishment of optimum delivery conditions, optimal resuscitation efforts and good medical care after delivery would help to decrease perinatal asphyxia mortality and morbidity.Key words: perinatal asphyxia, incidence, mortality
İnspite of the recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances; perinatal asphyxia is one of the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity even in devoloped countries. In this study newborns with perinatal asphyxia who were hospitalized in our neonatolgy unit were evaluated to determine antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors, HİE staging according to Sarnat&Sarnat classification , presence of convulsion and mortality rates, and demographic datas and the changes among these parameters through 4 years from 2005-2008.İn this study; from January 2005 to December 2008 (in a period of 4 years ) ; 225 newborns with perinatal asphyxia were evaluated retrospectively among 2500 patıents hospitalized in Yüzüncü Yıl University Medicine Faculty Neonatology Department. Perinatal asphyxia frequency was found to be 9 % . Of the 225 patients 72 were female (32 %) and 153 were male (72 %). Acording to Sarnat&Sarnat staging; 90 neonates (40%) were in stage I, 77 neonates (%34,2) in Stage II and 58 neonates (%25,8) in stage III. The number of patients who died during neonatal period were 90 (40%). Among the all patients; Ninety (40 %) neonates had convulsions. When we compared the patients who had convulsions; 17 patients (20.2%) were Stage I ,50 patients (64.9%) were stage II and 23 patients (39.6%) were stage III. İn stage II and stage III convulsion rate was higher and that was statistical significant. (p<0.05).The average first and fifth minute Apgar score were 3,2±1,2 and 6,2±1,4 in Stage I, 2,7±1,9 and 5,1±2 in Stage II; 3±1,3 and 4,6±1,8 in Stage III.İn this study perinatal asphyxia frequency was found to be 9% in four years period. When we look at the patient distrubution between years; 58 patients (25.7%) were hospitalized in 2005, 70 patients (31.1%) were hospitalized in 2006, 52 patients (23.1%) were hospitalized in 2007 and 45 patients (20%) were hospitalized in 2008. When we compared the rates among the patients ; we observed that the patient number in 2007 and 2008 were less. There was a statistically significant relation regarding distribution of stages in 4 years of time. We taught that; this circumstance depend on better Health care services in our region. İn our study the less patient number was found in 2008 (26%). After 2007 this decrease was obvious and that was statistically significant (p <0.05).Although perinatal asphyxia incidence decreased in recent years due to perinatal support, education of hospital stuff, optimal neonatal resuscitation efforts and standardization of technical features of Neonatal Units, mortality in advanced stages still remain high. Keeping in mind that the most beneficial treatment of perinatal asphyxia is to avoid the occurance of asphyxia, identification of high risk pregnancies, establishment of optimum delivery conditions, optimal resuscitation efforts and good medical care after delivery would help to decrease perinatal asphyxia mortality and morbidity.Key words: perinatal asphyxia, incidence, mortality
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Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Asfiksi, Ensefalopati, Hipoksi, Mortalite, Retrospektif Çalışmalar, Insidans, Iskemi, Child Health and Diseases, Asphyxia, Encephalopathy, Hypoxia, Mortality, Retrospective Studies, Incidence, Ischemia
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