Preparation of Alginate Based Edible Films Formulated With Beeswax and Propolis and Evaluation of Some Features of These Films
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, balmumu ve/veya propolis içeren aljinat bazlı yenilebilir filmler üretilmiştir. Elde edilen film örnekleri bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, taşıyıcı polimer olarak %1 ve 2 olmak üzere iki farklı konsantrasyonda sodyum aljinat (SA), plastikleştirici olarak ise polimer ağırlığına göre %20 ve 40 oranında sorbitol (SOR) kullanılmıştır. Bu formülasyonlarda üretilen 4 farklı kontrol grubuna ek olarak, %20 balmumu (Bal), %6 propolis (Prop) ve aynı oranlarda ikisinin karışımından oluşan toplam 16 adet film örneği üretilmiştir. Yenilebilir film örneklerinin suda çözünürlüğü, su miktarı, renk, pH ve iletkenlik gibi fiziksel özelliklerinin yanı sıra gerilme kuvveti ve uzama miktarı gibi mekanik özellikleri ile mikro yapısı taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), ve bağ yapısı Fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi (FTIR) spektroskopi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, SA'ın film çözeltilerinin viskozitesini önemli derecede etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Plastikleştirici konsantrasyonu arttıkça, filmlerin dayanıklılığı ve esnekliğinde artış görülmüştür. SA konsantrasyonu artırıldığında viskozitede artış gözlenmiştir. %1 SA içeren film çözeltilerinin viskozite değerlerinin 99.33-147.90 cP aralığında iken, %2 SA içeren film çözeltilerinde viskozite değerleri 852.67-1309.00 cP aralığındadır. Benzer şekilde, SA konsantrasyonu iletkenlik değerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Artan SA ile iletkenlik değerinde önemli ölçüde azalma gözlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma SA'ın %1 konsantrasyonda bile yüksek jelleşme gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. SA'ın bu özelliği reolojik analizlerden biri olan viskozite analiz sonuçlarında da görülmüş olup, iletkenlik sonuçları ile birbirini desteklemektedir. Balmumunun filmin mekanik özelliklerini etkilediği ve bu filmlerin daha kırılgan ve sert olduğu gözlenmiştir. Propolisin filmlerde renk üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda propolis denenmiş olup renk parametrelerini olumsuz etkilememesi açısından %6 oranında kullanılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelerin, yapılacak olan çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Propolisin antioksidan aktivite içerdiği ve filmlerin biyoaktivitesinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
In this study, alginate-based edible films containing beeswax and/or propolis were produced. The obtained film samples were compared in terms of some physical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, sodium alginate (SA) was used in two different concentrations, 1% and 2%, as the carrier polymer, and sorbitol (SOR) was used as the plasticizer at the rate of 20% and 40% by polymer weight. In addition to 4 different control groups produced in these formulations, a total of 16 film samples were produced consisting of 20% beeswax (Honey), 6% propolis (Prop) and a mixture of the two in the same proportions. In addition to the physical properties of edible film samples such as water solubility, water amount, color, pH and conductivity, their mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation amount, microstructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bond structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to the results obtained, it was observed that SA significantly affected the viscosity of the film solutions. As the plasticizer concentration increased, the durability and flexibility of the films increased. An increase in viscosity was observed when the SA concentration was increased. While the viscosity values of film solutions containing 1% SA are in the range of 99.33-147.90 cP, the viscosity values of film solutions containing 2% SA are in the range of 852.67-1309.00 cP. Similarly, SA concentration significantly affected the conductivity value. A significant decrease in conductivity value was observed with increasing SA. The study observed that SA showed high gelation even at 1% concentration. This feature of SA was also seen in the viscosity analysis results, which is one of the rheological analyses, and it supports each other with the conductivity results. It has been observed that wax affects the mechanical properties of the film and these films become more brittle and harder. It has been observed that propolis has a negative effect on color in films. Different concentrations of propolis were tested and 6% was used in order not to negatively affect the color parameters. It is thought that these evaluations will contribute to the studies to be carried out. It has been determined that propolis contains antioxidant activity and is effective in bioactivity of the films.
In this study, alginate-based edible films containing beeswax and/or propolis were produced. The obtained film samples were compared in terms of some physical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, sodium alginate (SA) was used in two different concentrations, 1% and 2%, as the carrier polymer, and sorbitol (SOR) was used as the plasticizer at the rate of 20% and 40% by polymer weight. In addition to 4 different control groups produced in these formulations, a total of 16 film samples were produced consisting of 20% beeswax (Honey), 6% propolis (Prop) and a mixture of the two in the same proportions. In addition to the physical properties of edible film samples such as water solubility, water amount, color, pH and conductivity, their mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation amount, microstructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bond structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to the results obtained, it was observed that SA significantly affected the viscosity of the film solutions. As the plasticizer concentration increased, the durability and flexibility of the films increased. An increase in viscosity was observed when the SA concentration was increased. While the viscosity values of film solutions containing 1% SA are in the range of 99.33-147.90 cP, the viscosity values of film solutions containing 2% SA are in the range of 852.67-1309.00 cP. Similarly, SA concentration significantly affected the conductivity value. A significant decrease in conductivity value was observed with increasing SA. The study observed that SA showed high gelation even at 1% concentration. This feature of SA was also seen in the viscosity analysis results, which is one of the rheological analyses, and it supports each other with the conductivity results. It has been observed that wax affects the mechanical properties of the film and these films become more brittle and harder. It has been observed that propolis has a negative effect on color in films. Different concentrations of propolis were tested and 6% was used in order not to negatively affect the color parameters. It is thought that these evaluations will contribute to the studies to be carried out. It has been determined that propolis contains antioxidant activity and is effective in bioactivity of the films.
Description
Keywords
Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
93