Identification of Physiological Traits and Root Characters of the Selected Lines of Bread Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Landraces Grown in Van Lake Basin Under High and Low Nitrogen Rates
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2022
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Buğday üretim sisteminde kullanılan en temel gübrelerden bir tanesi azottur. Yoğun kullanımının çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkileri vardır. Yerel ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin biyotik stres faktörlerine dayanıklılıkta kaynak olarak kullanılabileceği kabul edilmiştir. Projenin temel amacı; N verimliliği ile ilgili morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklere dayalı yerel ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin seçimi ve ilgili kök özelliklerinin araştırılmasıydı. Bu amaçla iki proje yürütülmüştür; 2019-2020 yıllarında 283 ekmeklik buğday yerel çeşidinin tarla yetiştirme koşullarında yüksek ve düşük nitrojen uygulamalarında taranması. Ölçülen özelliklerin ortalama değeri 10 genotip seçmek için kullanıldı. İkinci denemede, seçilen 10 genotip ve 2 standart çeşit, yüksek N (80 kg N ha-1) ve Düşük N (0 kg N ha-1) yetiştirme rejimleri altında bir serada 1 m uzunluğundaki PVC kolonlarda büyütülmüş ve bitki ve kök karakterleri incelenmiştir. Ercis 1-5, Ahlat 6-6 ve Özalp 16-2 yerel çeşitler, diğer yerel çeşitler ve standart çeşitler olan göre üstün bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, HN ve LN yetiştirme koşulları altında kök özelliklerinin çoğu ile verim bileşenleri arasında önemli bir pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Bitkilerin toprak üstü ve kök özelliklerinin, farklı N yetiştirme koşulları altında seleksiyon için gerekli olduğu ve önerilen üç yerel ırkın, nitrojen kullanımını iyileştirmek ve marjinal arazilerde yetiştirilmek üzere ıslah programlarında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılabilir.
Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the main fertilizers used in the wheat cropping system. Intensive nitrogen application has a significant impact on the environment. Bread wheat landraces are documented as a source of some biotic stress traits. The studies main objectives were the selecting genotypes from bread wheat landraces based on morphological and physiological traits related to N efficiency and the exploration of associated root traits. Two studies were conducted for this purpose, screening 283 bread wheat landraces in 2019-2020 under field growing conditions at high N (80 kg N ha-1) and Low N (0 kg N ha-1) applications. The mean values of the physiological, morphological characters and yield components traits were used for selecting 10 genotypes. In the second experiment, which was conducted using a Factorial Complete Randomized design with three replications, the selected 10 genotypes and 2 check cultivars were grown in 1 m length PVC columns inside a greenhouse under the same N applications. The plant and root characters were examined. Results demonstrate that landrace lines were superior to the cultivars in most studied parameters. Ercis 1-5, Ahlat 6-6, and Ozalp 16-2 lines were superior compared to the other landrace lines and the check cultivars. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between most of the root traits and yield components under HN and LN growing conditions. It can be concluded that plants' above-ground and root traits are essential for selection under different growing N conditions, and the suggested three landrace lines can be used in breeding programs to improve nitrogen use and be grown in low-input lands.
Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the main fertilizers used in the wheat cropping system. Intensive nitrogen application has a significant impact on the environment. Bread wheat landraces are documented as a source of some biotic stress traits. The studies main objectives were the selecting genotypes from bread wheat landraces based on morphological and physiological traits related to N efficiency and the exploration of associated root traits. Two studies were conducted for this purpose, screening 283 bread wheat landraces in 2019-2020 under field growing conditions at high N (80 kg N ha-1) and Low N (0 kg N ha-1) applications. The mean values of the physiological, morphological characters and yield components traits were used for selecting 10 genotypes. In the second experiment, which was conducted using a Factorial Complete Randomized design with three replications, the selected 10 genotypes and 2 check cultivars were grown in 1 m length PVC columns inside a greenhouse under the same N applications. The plant and root characters were examined. Results demonstrate that landrace lines were superior to the cultivars in most studied parameters. Ercis 1-5, Ahlat 6-6, and Ozalp 16-2 lines were superior compared to the other landrace lines and the check cultivars. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between most of the root traits and yield components under HN and LN growing conditions. It can be concluded that plants' above-ground and root traits are essential for selection under different growing N conditions, and the suggested three landrace lines can be used in breeding programs to improve nitrogen use and be grown in low-input lands.
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Ziraat, Fizyolojik özellikler, Agriculture, Physiological properties
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174