The Effect of Prp (platelet Reach Plasma) and Tnf-Α (tumor Necrosis Factor Α) on Radiotherapy-Associated Fibrosis Applied After Breast Conserving Surgery in Rats
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2022
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Malign meme hastalıklarında meme koruyucu cerrahi sonrası küratif tedavi amacıyla yapılan radyoterapi uygulaması günümüzde standart tedavi haline gelmiştir. Radyoterapinin (RT) sağkalımı uzattığı ispat edilmekle beraber uygulanan alanda ciddi fibrozis ve yara kontraktürü oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle meme cerrahisi sonrası rekonstrüksiyon planlanan hastalarda elastikiyetin zayıflaması nedeniyle rekonstrüksiyon zorlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda ratlarda meme cerrahisi sonrası uygulanan RT ile ilişkli fibrozis yoğunluğu üzerine lokal PRP (platelet rich plasma) ve sistemik TNF-α (tümor nekroz faktör-alfa) inhibitörü olan infliximab'ın yara iyileşmesine etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda ortalama vücut ağırlıkları 250- 290 gr olan daha önce herhangi bir çalışmada kullanılmamış, hiçbir ilaca maruz kalmamış 48 adet dişi, 3 aylık Wistar Albino rat kullanıldı. Tüm gruplar; etkin meme dokusu volümü sağlanabilmesi amacıyla emzirmeden henüz kesilmiş, kendi içerisinde çiftleştirilmiş ve en az 3 nesil yavru elde edilmiş yavru dişi ratlardan oluşturuldu. PRP hazırlamak için yine bu 3. nesle akraba ihtiyaç kadar rat sayısı kullanıldı. Ratlar, sham grubu ile birlikte cerrahi ve diğer işlemlerden oluşan 6 gruba (n:8) kuyrukları işaretlenerek gruplandırıldı. Gruplandırma; Grup: 1: Kontrol, Grup, 2: Sadece Cerrahi, Grup 3: Cerrahi + RT uygulaması, Grup 4: Cerrahi+lokal PRP+RT uygulaması, Grup 5: Cerrahi+ sistemik TNF-α inhibitörü +RT uygulaması, Grup 6: Cerrahi+lokal PRP+ sistemik TNF-α inhibitörü+RT uygulaması şeklinde oluşturuldu. Ratlara segmental mastektomi uygulandıktan 7 gün sonra tek doz tüm vücut 6,75 Gy iyonize radyasyon uygulandı. Radyoterapi uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra ratlar sakrifiye edilerek işlem yapılan meme total eksize edilerek histopatolojik inceleme için patolojiye verildi. Histopatolojik inceleme için hazırlanan preparatlar hematoksilen-eozin (HE) ile boyandı ve fibrozisteki kollajen birikimini göstermek amacıyla Masson Trikrom (MT) ile histokimyasal boyama yapıldı. Gruplar ödem, hiperemi, fibrozis ve inflamasyon parametrelerine göre karşılaştırıldı. Yara iyileşmesi histopatolojik bulgulara göre; 'yok (- ), hafif (+), orta (++) ve yaygın (+++)' olarak skorlanarak istatistiksel çalışmaları yapıldı. Bulgular: Cerrahi sonrası tüm gruplarda ödem tespit edildi. Segmental mastektominin (SM), ödem şiddetini etkilediği görüldü (p<0,001). Grup 5 ve 6'daki XIV prosedürlerin ödem şiddetini azalttığı belirlendi. Grup 4'deki yöntemin ise ödem şiddetini artırdığı izlendi. Cerrahi sonrası tüm gruplarda hiperemi tespit edildi. SM'nin, hiperemi şiddetini etkilediği görüldü (p = 0,009). Grup 5 ve 6'daki prosedürlerin hiperemi miktarını azalttığı belirlendi. Grup 3'deki prosedürün ratların %75'inde orta veya şiddetli hiperemiye neden olduğu belirlendi. Cerrahi sonrası tüm gruplarda fibrozis tespit edildi. SM'nin, fibrozis şiddetini etkilediği görüldü (p <0,001). Grup 5 ve 6'daki prosedürlerin belirgin biçimde fibrozis miktarını azalttığı belirlendi. Grup 2-4'deki prosedürün ratların %87,5'inde orta veya şiddetli fibrozis'e neden olduğu belirlendi. Cerrahi sonrası tüm gruplarda inflamasyon tespit edildi. SM'nin, inflamasyon şiddetini etkilediği görüldü (p <0,001). Tüm gruplarda inflamasyon seviyesinin ılımlı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda intraoperatif sistemik infliksimab ve lokal PRP uygulanmasının PMRT (Postmastectomy radiation therapy) sonrası fibrozisi, inflamasyonu, ödemi, hiperemiyi anlamlı olarak azalttığı görülmüş olup geç rekonstüriksiyon planlanan hastalarda onkoplastik cerrahinin istenmeyen tüm sonuçlarında azalma yaratacağı düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak bu hayvan modeli özgün olmakla beraber gelecekte yapılacak klinik çalışmalar için bu yönüyle yol gösterici olacaktır.
Radiotherapy application for curative treatment after breast-conserving surgery in malignant breast diseases has become the standard treatment today. Although radiotherapy (RT) has been proven to prolong survival, it causes severe fibrosis and wound contracture in the applied area. Especially in patients who are planned for reconstruction after breast surgery, reconstruction becomes difficult due to weakening of elasticity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of infliximab, a local PRP (platelet rich plasma) and systemic TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) inhibitor, on wound healing on the fibrosis intensity associated with RT applied after breast surgery in rats. Materials and Methods: In our study, 48 female, 3-month-old Wistar Albino rats with an average body weight of 250-290 g, who had not been used in any study before and were not exposed to any drug, were used. All groups; In order to provide effective mammary tissue volume, female rats were created from female rats that were cut from lactation, mated within themselves and obtained at least 3 generations of offspring. To prepare PRP, the number of rats related to this 3rd generation was used as much as needed. Rats were grouped into 6 groups (n:8) consisting of surgery and other procedures, together with the sham group, by marking their tails. Grouping; Group: 1: Control, Group, 2: Surgery only, Group 3: Surgery + RT application, Group 4: Surgery + local PRP + RT application, Group 5: Surgery + systemic TNF-α inhibitor + RT application, Group 6: Surgery + local PRP + systemic TNF-α inhibitor + RT application was formed. A single dose of 6.75 Gy whole body ionizing radiation was applied to the rats 7 days after segmental mastectomy. After the application of radiotherapy, the rats were sacrificed and the breast was completely excised and given to pathology for histopathological examination. Preparations prepared for histopathological examination were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and histochemical staining was performed with Masson's Trichrome (MT) to show the collagen deposition in fibrosis. The groups were compared according to edema, hyperemia, fibrosis and inflammation parameters. Wound healing according to histopathological findings; Statistical studies were performed by scoring 'absent (-), mild (+), moderate (++) and common (+++)'. XVI Findings: Edema was detected in all groups after surgery. Segmental mastectomy (SM) was found to affect the severity of edema (p<0.001). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 reduced the severity of edema. It was observed that the method in Group 4 increased the severity of edema. Postoperative hyperemia was detected in all groups. SM was found to affect the severity of hyperemia (p = 0.009). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 reduced the amount of hyperemia. It was determined that the procedure in Group 3 caused moderate or severe hyperemia in 75% of the rats. Fibrosis was detected in all groups after surgery. SM was found to affect the severity of fibrosis (p <0.001). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 significantly reduced the amount of fibrosis. It was determined that the procedure in Group 2-4 caused moderate or severe fibrosis in 87.5% of the rats. Inflammation was detected in all groups after surgery. SM was found to affect the severity of inflammation (p <0.001). It was determined that the level of inflammation was moderate in all groups. Results: In our study, it was observed that intraoperative systemic infliximab and local PRP application significantly reduced fibrosis, inflammation, edema, and hyperemia after PMRT (Postmastectomy radiation therapy), and it is thought that it will reduce all undesirable results of oncoplastic surgery in patients who are planned for late reconstruction. As a result, although this animal model is unique, it will be a guide for future clinical studies.
Radiotherapy application for curative treatment after breast-conserving surgery in malignant breast diseases has become the standard treatment today. Although radiotherapy (RT) has been proven to prolong survival, it causes severe fibrosis and wound contracture in the applied area. Especially in patients who are planned for reconstruction after breast surgery, reconstruction becomes difficult due to weakening of elasticity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of infliximab, a local PRP (platelet rich plasma) and systemic TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) inhibitor, on wound healing on the fibrosis intensity associated with RT applied after breast surgery in rats. Materials and Methods: In our study, 48 female, 3-month-old Wistar Albino rats with an average body weight of 250-290 g, who had not been used in any study before and were not exposed to any drug, were used. All groups; In order to provide effective mammary tissue volume, female rats were created from female rats that were cut from lactation, mated within themselves and obtained at least 3 generations of offspring. To prepare PRP, the number of rats related to this 3rd generation was used as much as needed. Rats were grouped into 6 groups (n:8) consisting of surgery and other procedures, together with the sham group, by marking their tails. Grouping; Group: 1: Control, Group, 2: Surgery only, Group 3: Surgery + RT application, Group 4: Surgery + local PRP + RT application, Group 5: Surgery + systemic TNF-α inhibitor + RT application, Group 6: Surgery + local PRP + systemic TNF-α inhibitor + RT application was formed. A single dose of 6.75 Gy whole body ionizing radiation was applied to the rats 7 days after segmental mastectomy. After the application of radiotherapy, the rats were sacrificed and the breast was completely excised and given to pathology for histopathological examination. Preparations prepared for histopathological examination were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and histochemical staining was performed with Masson's Trichrome (MT) to show the collagen deposition in fibrosis. The groups were compared according to edema, hyperemia, fibrosis and inflammation parameters. Wound healing according to histopathological findings; Statistical studies were performed by scoring 'absent (-), mild (+), moderate (++) and common (+++)'. XVI Findings: Edema was detected in all groups after surgery. Segmental mastectomy (SM) was found to affect the severity of edema (p<0.001). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 reduced the severity of edema. It was observed that the method in Group 4 increased the severity of edema. Postoperative hyperemia was detected in all groups. SM was found to affect the severity of hyperemia (p = 0.009). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 reduced the amount of hyperemia. It was determined that the procedure in Group 3 caused moderate or severe hyperemia in 75% of the rats. Fibrosis was detected in all groups after surgery. SM was found to affect the severity of fibrosis (p <0.001). It was determined that the procedures in groups 5 and 6 significantly reduced the amount of fibrosis. It was determined that the procedure in Group 2-4 caused moderate or severe fibrosis in 87.5% of the rats. Inflammation was detected in all groups after surgery. SM was found to affect the severity of inflammation (p <0.001). It was determined that the level of inflammation was moderate in all groups. Results: In our study, it was observed that intraoperative systemic infliximab and local PRP application significantly reduced fibrosis, inflammation, edema, and hyperemia after PMRT (Postmastectomy radiation therapy), and it is thought that it will reduce all undesirable results of oncoplastic surgery in patients who are planned for late reconstruction. As a result, although this animal model is unique, it will be a guide for future clinical studies.
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Genel Cerrahi, Fibroz, Hayvan deneyleri, Meme hastalıkları, Meme neoplazmları, Neoplazmlar, Radyoterapi, Sıçanlar, Trombositten zengin plazma, Tümör nekroz faktörü-alfa, İnhibitör, General Surgery, Fibrosis, Animal experimentation, Breast diseases, Breast neoplasms, Neoplasms, Radiotherapy, Rats, Platelet rich plasma, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Inhibitor
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