Nanotechnology: a New Frontier in Sustainable Agricultural Pest and Disease Management

Abstract

The detrimental effects of insect pests and plant diseases on crop productivity are paramount. Significant crop damage is caused by these factors, making extensive pesticide use necessary to control them. Although effective in controlling insect pests and plant diseases, using pesticides often comes at a high cost and carries environmental implications. These chemicals also contribute to pollution, potentially harming ecosystems, including flora and fauna. Furthermore, the exposure of humans to pesticides can pose health risks and lead to the transmission of dangerous diseases. Nanotechnology offers a promising potential to be of the utmost significance for the control of pests and diseases compared to traditional treatments and methods. These advantages include improved efficacy, fewer input requirements, and lower eco-toxicity. The development of risk-free and efficient nanomaterials for use in agriculture is the key to a future where agriculture is more resilient and sustainable. Respecting the principles of sustainability and safety while embracing responsible nanomaterial innovation guarantees that our society benefits fully from nanotechnology. Despite the abundance of research information in this field, there is a clear need for an in-depth evaluation of the application of nanotechnology. The chapter provides definitions, brief overviews, and references from existing literature on the subject, highlighting the role of nanotechnology in controlling pests and diseases. Moreover, the study discusses the promising future prospects of nanotechnology in agricultural systems for the sustainable management of diseases and pests. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.