The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Yield Properties of Some Summer Local and Registered Bread Wheat Cultivars
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2021
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Bu tez, Köse ve Bahare (yerel) ile Cemre ve Seri-82 (ticari) ekmeklik buğday çeşitleri üzerinde 4 azotlu gübre dozu (0, 8, 12 ve 16 kg/da) uygulamalarının etkilerini belirlemek üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma 2019-2020 yazlık üretim sezonunda Van ekolojik koşullarında tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada gübre dozlarının bitki boyu, toplam verim ve tane verimi üzerindeki etkileri çok önemli (P˂0.01), hasat indeksi, başak boyu ve bin tane ağırlığı üzerindeki etkileri ise önemli (P˂0.05) düzeyde oluşmuştur. Çeşitlerin çıkış süreleri, bitki boyu, başak boyu, başak erme süresi, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı ve toplam verim üzerindeki etkileri çok önemli (P˂0.01), tane verimi üzerindeki etkisi ise önemli (P˂0.05) düzeyde gerçekleşmiştir. İnteraksiyonların bin tane ağırlığı, toplam verim, tane verimi ve hasat indeksi üzerindeki etkileri çok önemli, bitki boyu ve başakta tane ağırlığı üzerindeki etkileri ise önemli düzeyde görülmüştür. İnteraksiyonlara göre bitki boyları 29.06-57.33 cm, başakta tane ağırlıkları 0.67-0.8 g, bin tane ağırlıkları 28.33-38.5 g, toplam verim 173.75-432.50 kg/da, tane verimleri 42.50-93.71 kg/da ve hasat indeksleri %21-%33 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek tane verimleri aynı grupta yer alan tüm çeşitlere 12 ve 16 kg/da N, Köse ve Bahare çeşitlerine 8 kg/da N ve Cemre çeşidinin kontrol uygulamalarından alınmıştır. En yüksek toplam verim Köse çeşidine 16 kg/da N (N3) gübre uygulamasından alınmıştır. Deneme alanı topraklarının organik madde bakımından oldukça fakir olması, sezon içinde alınan yağış miktarının yetersiz ve düzensiz olması, dönem içi yüksek ve ani sıcaklık değişimleri verim değerlerinin düşmesinde çok etkili olmuştur.
This thesis was carried out to determine the effects of 4 nitrogen fertilizer applications, (0, 8, 12 and 16 kg/da), on Kose and Bahare (landraces), and Cemre and Seri-82 (cultivars) wheat varieties. The research was carried out in the 2019-2020 summer vegetation season in Van ecological conditions to split plots experimental design in randomized blocks with three replications. In the study, the effects of fertilizer doses on plant height, total yield and grain yield were very important, while the effects on harvest index, spike length and thousand grain weight were significant. The effects of the cultivars on emergence times, plant height, spike length, spike maturation time, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight and total yield were very significant, while the effect on grain yield was significant. The effects of interactions on thousand-grain weight, total yield, grain yield and harvest index were very significant, while the effects on plant height and grain weight per spike were significant. According to interactions, components has changed between in plant heights are 29.06-57.33 cm, in grain weights per spike 0.67-0.8 g, in thousand grain weights 28.33-38.5 g, in total yield 173.75-432.50 kg/da, in grain yields 42.50-93.71 kg/da and in harvest indexes 21-33%. The highest total yield was obtained from 16 kg/da N fertilizer application to Kose landrace. The experimental area were very poor in terms of organic matter, the amount of precipitation received during the season was insufficient and irregular, and the high and sudden temperature changes during the period were very effective in the decrease in yield values. Irrigation was not enough to relieve the stress on the plants. However, nitrogen fertilizer doses provided partial yield increases in cultivars.
This thesis was carried out to determine the effects of 4 nitrogen fertilizer applications, (0, 8, 12 and 16 kg/da), on Kose and Bahare (landraces), and Cemre and Seri-82 (cultivars) wheat varieties. The research was carried out in the 2019-2020 summer vegetation season in Van ecological conditions to split plots experimental design in randomized blocks with three replications. In the study, the effects of fertilizer doses on plant height, total yield and grain yield were very important, while the effects on harvest index, spike length and thousand grain weight were significant. The effects of the cultivars on emergence times, plant height, spike length, spike maturation time, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight and total yield were very significant, while the effect on grain yield was significant. The effects of interactions on thousand-grain weight, total yield, grain yield and harvest index were very significant, while the effects on plant height and grain weight per spike were significant. According to interactions, components has changed between in plant heights are 29.06-57.33 cm, in grain weights per spike 0.67-0.8 g, in thousand grain weights 28.33-38.5 g, in total yield 173.75-432.50 kg/da, in grain yields 42.50-93.71 kg/da and in harvest indexes 21-33%. The highest total yield was obtained from 16 kg/da N fertilizer application to Kose landrace. The experimental area were very poor in terms of organic matter, the amount of precipitation received during the season was insufficient and irregular, and the high and sudden temperature changes during the period were very effective in the decrease in yield values. Irrigation was not enough to relieve the stress on the plants. However, nitrogen fertilizer doses provided partial yield increases in cultivars.
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Ziraat, Azot dozu, Buğday, Verim ögeleri, Agriculture, Nitrogen dose, Wheat, Yield components
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