Determination of Fattening Performance, Carcase Characteristics and Carcase Quality in Anatolian Buffalo Raised in Intensive Fattening and Pasture Conditions
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2024
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Yoğun besi ve mera koşullarında yetiştirilen Anadolu mandaları üzerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada; mandaların besi performansı, kesim ve karkas özellikleri ile et kalitesi ve yağ asidi kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın hayvan materyalini, yoğun besi koşullarında entasif (besi grubu, n=9) ve ekstasif (mera grubu, n=9) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılan 18 baş erkek Anadolu mandası oluşturmuştur. 5 ay süren bu çalışmada, besi grubu yoğun yemle beslenmiş ve besi süresi sonunda ortalama 1.050 kg günlük canlı ağırlık artışı elde edilmiştir. Ekstansif koşullardaki malakların 5 aylık süre sonunda canlı ağırlık artışlarının 0.23 kg olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Besi ve mera gruplarının besi başı ağırlığı sırasıyla 177.6 ve 169.3 kg, besi sonu ağırlığı 335.2±12.2 ve 203.4±7.01 kg, sıcak karkas ağırlığı 159.6±23.44 ve 78.96±10.8, soğuk karkas ağırlığı ise 157.4±22.83 ve 77.63±11.43 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Et kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla longissimus dorsi (LD) kasından alınan örneklerde pH, L*, a*, b*, C*, Hº renk indeks değerleri, su tutma kapasitesi (%), pişirme kaybı (%) ve tekstür (kesme kuvveti) besi grubu değerleri için sırasıyla 5.63±0.193, 39.03±1.81, 9.4±0.93, 11.99±0.80, 15.25±1.08, 51.96±2.15, 0.36±0.16, 32.65±1.78 ve 6.10±2.66 olarak bulunmuştur. LD kasında bakılan bu özellikler mera grubu için sırasıyla 5.85±0.17, 35.43±3.76, 10.01±2.41, 10.19±0.28, 14.34±1.82, 46.05±6.47, 0.17±0.08, 30.27±6.68 ve 8.10±2.16 olarak belirlenmiştir. Besi ve mera grubu için LD kasının kimyasal besin madde içerikleri nem, kuru madde, ham protein, ham yağ ve ham kül için sırasıyla %76.47±1.23, %23.53±0.78, %22.77±1.07, %4.77±0.96 ve %4.07±0.14 olarak bulunmuştur. Mera grubunda ise aynı parametreler %78.34±1.30, %21.66±1.03, %21.22±0.89, %2.46±1.28 ve %4.17±0.11 olarak bulunmuştur. Kimyasal kompozisyon değerleri bakımından besi ve mera grupları arasındaki farklar önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). LD kasının mineral madde içeriği (mg/100g) besi ve mera grubu için sırasıyla kalsiyum (Ca) 33.83±12.31 ve 37.99±34.36, bakır (Cu) 2.15±0.53 ve 1.69±0.84, demir (Fe) 4.82±2.12 ve 2.23±0.65, potasyum (K) 303.2±79.99 ve 294.8±52.98, magnezyum (Mg) 29.73±10.01 ve 27.82±7.39, sodyum (Na) 171.3±60.58 ve 157±20.13, çinko (Zn) 5.55±3.21 ve 4.36±0.78, mangan (Mn) 0.45±0.13 ve 0.38±0.44 olup, mineral madde bakımından gruplar arasındaki fark önemsiz bulunmuştur. LD kasında doymuş yağ asitleri, besi ve mera grubu için sırasıyla 73.52±13.60 ve 64.24±1.48; tekli doymamış yağ asitleri, 42.31±6.84 ve 30.45±2.69; çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri, 2.13±0.28 ve 2.05±0.20 ve omega-6/omega-3 yağ oranı 7.71 ve 2.92 olmuştur. LD kasında doymuş yağ asitleri ve omega-6/omega-3 yağ oranı için gruplar arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (sırasıyla P<0.05 ve P<0.01). Böbrek üstü yağının doymuş yağ asitleri, besi ve mera grubu için sırasıyla %69.93±2.09 ve 68.99±1.37; tekli doymamış yağ asitleri için %26.83±2.06 ve 25.70±2.48, çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri için %1.54±0.10 ve 1.42±0.12 ve omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3)yağ oranı için 7.20 ve 2.72 olarak şeklinde bulunmuş olup, omega-6/omega-3 yağ oranı bakımından besi ve mera grubu arasındaki fark önemlidir (P<0.01).
In this study, it was aimed to determine the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Anatolian buffaloes under different fattening conditions. The animal material of the study consisted of 18 male Anatolian buffaloes divided into two groups as intensive (fattening group, n=9) and extensive (pasture group, n=9) under different fattening conditions. In this 5-month study, the fattening group was fed with intensive feed and an average live weight gain of 1.050 g was obtained at the end of the fattening period. It was determined that the live weight gain of the buffaloes in extensive conditions was 0.23 g at the end of 5 months. The weight at the beginning of fattening, 177.6 and 169.3 kg; weight at the end of fattening, 327.5 and 204 kg; hot carcass weight, 159.6±23.44 and 78.96±10.8; cold carcass weight, 157.4±22.83 and 77.63±11.43 kg were determined for fattening and pasture groups, respectively. In order to determine the meat quality, pH24, L*24, a*24, b*24, C*, Hº colour values, water holding capacity (%), cooking loss (%) and texture values of the samples taken from longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were determined as 5. 63±0.193, 39.03±1.81, 9.4±0.93, 11.99±0.80, 15.25±1.08, 51.96±2.15, 0.36±0.16, 32.65±1.78 and 6.10±2.66, respectively. The nutrient contents of LD muscle were determined as 5.85±0.17, 35.43±3.76, 10.01±2.41, 10.19±0.28, 14.34±1.82, 46.05±6.47, 0.17±0.08, 30.27±6.68 and 8.10±2. In the study, the nutrient contents of LD muscle were found to be 76.47±1.23%, 23.53±0.78%, 22.77±1.07%, 4.77±0.96% and 4.07±0.14% for moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash, respectively. The nutrient contents of LD muscle were 78.34±1.30%, 21.66±1.03%, 21.22±0.89%, 2.46±1.28% and 4.17±0.11% for the pasture group and the differences between the fattening and pasture groups were found to be significant (P<0.01). The mineral contents (mg/100g) of LD muscle were as follows; Calcium (Ca) 33.83±12.31 and 37.99±34.36, Copper (Cu) 2.15±0.53 and 1.69±0.84, Iron (Fe) 4.82±2.12 and 2.23±0.65, Potassium (K) 303.2±79.99 and 294.8±52.98, Magnesium (Mg) 29. 73±10.01 and 27.82±7.39, Sodium (Na) 171.3±60.58 and 157±20.13, Zinc (Zn) 5.55±3.21 and 4.36±0.78 and Manganese (Mn) 0.45±0.13 and 0.38±0.44 were found to be insignificant (P<0.05). The saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and Omega 6/Omega 3 (n-6/n-3) fat ratios of LD muscle were 73.520±30.421 and 64.243±2.568, 42.313±15.301 and 30.445±4.673, 2.135±0.644 and 2.053±0.362 and 71.71 and 2.92 for fattening and pasture groups, respectively. Saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 fat ratios of adrenal fat were 69.931±4.690 and 68.992±2.377, 26.826±4.621 and 25.703±4.304,1.540±0.235 and 1.415±0.213 and 7.20 and 2.72 for fattening and pasture groups, respectively.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Anatolian buffaloes under different fattening conditions. The animal material of the study consisted of 18 male Anatolian buffaloes divided into two groups as intensive (fattening group, n=9) and extensive (pasture group, n=9) under different fattening conditions. In this 5-month study, the fattening group was fed with intensive feed and an average live weight gain of 1.050 g was obtained at the end of the fattening period. It was determined that the live weight gain of the buffaloes in extensive conditions was 0.23 g at the end of 5 months. The weight at the beginning of fattening, 177.6 and 169.3 kg; weight at the end of fattening, 327.5 and 204 kg; hot carcass weight, 159.6±23.44 and 78.96±10.8; cold carcass weight, 157.4±22.83 and 77.63±11.43 kg were determined for fattening and pasture groups, respectively. In order to determine the meat quality, pH24, L*24, a*24, b*24, C*, Hº colour values, water holding capacity (%), cooking loss (%) and texture values of the samples taken from longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were determined as 5. 63±0.193, 39.03±1.81, 9.4±0.93, 11.99±0.80, 15.25±1.08, 51.96±2.15, 0.36±0.16, 32.65±1.78 and 6.10±2.66, respectively. The nutrient contents of LD muscle were determined as 5.85±0.17, 35.43±3.76, 10.01±2.41, 10.19±0.28, 14.34±1.82, 46.05±6.47, 0.17±0.08, 30.27±6.68 and 8.10±2. In the study, the nutrient contents of LD muscle were found to be 76.47±1.23%, 23.53±0.78%, 22.77±1.07%, 4.77±0.96% and 4.07±0.14% for moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash, respectively. The nutrient contents of LD muscle were 78.34±1.30%, 21.66±1.03%, 21.22±0.89%, 2.46±1.28% and 4.17±0.11% for the pasture group and the differences between the fattening and pasture groups were found to be significant (P<0.01). The mineral contents (mg/100g) of LD muscle were as follows; Calcium (Ca) 33.83±12.31 and 37.99±34.36, Copper (Cu) 2.15±0.53 and 1.69±0.84, Iron (Fe) 4.82±2.12 and 2.23±0.65, Potassium (K) 303.2±79.99 and 294.8±52.98, Magnesium (Mg) 29. 73±10.01 and 27.82±7.39, Sodium (Na) 171.3±60.58 and 157±20.13, Zinc (Zn) 5.55±3.21 and 4.36±0.78 and Manganese (Mn) 0.45±0.13 and 0.38±0.44 were found to be insignificant (P<0.05). The saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and Omega 6/Omega 3 (n-6/n-3) fat ratios of LD muscle were 73.520±30.421 and 64.243±2.568, 42.313±15.301 and 30.445±4.673, 2.135±0.644 and 2.053±0.362 and 71.71 and 2.92 for fattening and pasture groups, respectively. Saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 fat ratios of adrenal fat were 69.931±4.690 and 68.992±2.377, 26.826±4.621 and 25.703±4.304,1.540±0.235 and 1.415±0.213 and 7.20 and 2.72 for fattening and pasture groups, respectively.
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Ziraat, Agriculture
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