Petrographical, Mineralogical and Geochemical Analysis of Archeological Ceramics of Van Museum
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2023
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Bu tez çalışmasında, Van Müzesinden alınan seramik parçalarının petrografik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenip yerel killerin özellikleri ile karşılaştırılması yoluyla seramiklerin kaynak hammaddelerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Van Müzesinden temin edilen buluntu yeri ve dönemi farklı 29 adet seramik numunesi ile Van ve çevre illerden toplanan 19 adet yerel kil üzerinde arkeometrik bir yaklaşımla XRD, ICP-MS, SEM-EDX analizleri ve boyutları uygun olan seramikler üzerinde ince kesit incelemeleri yapılmıştır. Van Müze Müdürlüğünden temin edilen seramik numunelere ilişkin yapılan makro gözlemlerde numunelerin ince dokulu olduğu, ağız ve gövde parçalarından oluştuğu, Osmanlı seramiklerinin farklı renklere sahip olduğu diğer dönem seramiklerinde devetüyü, kahverengi ve siyah olmak üzere sadece üç renk bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Seramik örneklere ait ince kesit görüntüleri incelendiğinde plastik olmayan kalsit, kuvarsit ve mika grubu minerallerin oranının yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Plastisite özelliği göstermeyen killer, ateşe dayanıklılık karakterine sahiptir, gösterenler ise genellikle eritken özelliktedir. Kullanılan hammaddelerin göreceli olarak iri taneli olduğunu ve hammaddeler için öğütme işleminin uygulanmamış olabileceğini veya özensiz ya da yetersiz yapıldığını akla getirmektedir.
In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the source raw materials of the ceramics by determining the petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ceramic pieces taken from the Van Museum and comparing them with the characteristics of the local clays. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-Ray Analysis with Energy Diffusion (SEM-EDX) analyzes were carried out with an archaeometric approach on 29 ceramic samples obtained from the Van Museum from different sites and periods, and 19 local clay-ceramics collected from Van, Bitlis, Batman, Hakkari and Muş. Thin section examinations were also carried out on ceramics with suitable dimensions. In the macro observations made on the ceramic samples obtained from the Van Museum Directorate, it was determined that the samples were fine-textured, composed of mouth and body parts, Ottoman ceramics had different colors, and only three colors, buff, brown and black, were found in the ceramics of other periods. When the thin section images of the ceramic samples were examined, it was observed that the ratio of non-plastic calcite, quartzite and mica group minerals was high. Clays with plasticity feature are generally flux in nature and non- plasticity clay are fire resitance. The raw materials used in production are relatively coarse and the grinding process may not have been applied for the raw materials, or it was done carelessly or insufficiently.
In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the source raw materials of the ceramics by determining the petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ceramic pieces taken from the Van Museum and comparing them with the characteristics of the local clays. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-Ray Analysis with Energy Diffusion (SEM-EDX) analyzes were carried out with an archaeometric approach on 29 ceramic samples obtained from the Van Museum from different sites and periods, and 19 local clay-ceramics collected from Van, Bitlis, Batman, Hakkari and Muş. Thin section examinations were also carried out on ceramics with suitable dimensions. In the macro observations made on the ceramic samples obtained from the Van Museum Directorate, it was determined that the samples were fine-textured, composed of mouth and body parts, Ottoman ceramics had different colors, and only three colors, buff, brown and black, were found in the ceramics of other periods. When the thin section images of the ceramic samples were examined, it was observed that the ratio of non-plastic calcite, quartzite and mica group minerals was high. Clays with plasticity feature are generally flux in nature and non- plasticity clay are fire resitance. The raw materials used in production are relatively coarse and the grinding process may not have been applied for the raw materials, or it was done carelessly or insufficiently.
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Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Arkeoloji, Jeoarkeometri, Osmanlı seramikleri, Van Müzesi, Çömlekçi çamuru, Geological Engineering, Archaeology, Geoarcheometry, Ottoman ceramics, Van Museum, Potter clay
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