The Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Quantification in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
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2010
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Giriş ve Amaç: Akut apandisitli olgularda apendiksin DAMRG ile bu görüntülerden elde ettiğimiz ADC değerlerini normal çekum duvarının ADC değerleri ile karşılaştırarak, DAMRG'nin akut apandisit tanısına katkısını araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 13-87 (ortalama 35,65 ±15.52) yaşları arasında toplam 60 kişi alındı. Kontrol grubu için 20 (11 erkek 9 kadın, yaş ortalaması 37,7 ±15.77) sağlıklı birey seçildi. Akut apandisit olan 40 (23 erkek 17 kadın, yaş ortalaması 33,65±16,17) olgu vaka grubunu oluşturdu. Hastalar 1,5 Tesla manyetik alan gücünde MR cihazında faz dizilimli body koil ile alt batın MR incelemesi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Difüzyon ağırlıklı işlem yapılmadan önce soluk tutularak, aksiyel ve koronal planda T2 ağırlıklı True-FİSP ve yağ baskılamalı TİRM sekansları alındı. Difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüler tek atımlı spin eko ?echo planar? görüntüleme sekansı ile elde edilmiş, ?b? degeri 50,400 ve 800sn/ mm² olarak belirlenmiş ve total tarama zamanı 138 sn sürmüştür. Elde olunan görüntüler üzerinden görünür difüzyon katsayısı (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, ADC) normal çekal alan mukozasından ve enflame apendiks duvarından hesaplanmıştır. ADC değeri enflame duvarın en hipointens yerinden ROI kullanılarak ölçüldü. ROI alanları 9-22 mm2 arasında, normal duvarından ise ROI 3-6 mm2 arasında alındı. ADC değerleri bakımından Hasta-Kontrol grupları ve perfore-perfore olmayan grup arasında fark olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla İndependent Samples t-Test yapılmıştır. Hesaplamalar SPSS istatistik paket programında yürütülmüştür.Bulgular: 60 vakanın radyolojik olarak 44 tanesi akut apandisit, 16 tanesi normal olarak değerlendirildi. 44 hastanın 5 tanesi tedaviyi kabul etmediğinden çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Histopatolojik olarak 40 vakanın 12 tanesi perfore, 28 tanesi perfore olmayan akut apandisit tanısı aldı. Çalışmamızda akut apandisitli olguların ADC değerleri bakımından ortalaması ve standart sapması 1,12±0,227x10-3 mm2/s iken, sağlıklı normal grubun ortalama ve standart sapması 1,85±0,13 x10-3 mm2/s olup bu değerler bakımından iki grubun ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistik olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Perforasyon olmayan grupta ortalama ADC değeri 1,01±0,263x10-3 mm2/s iken perforasyon olan grupta ortalama ADC değeri 0,79±0,20x10-3 mm2/sn olup ADC değeri perforasyon olan grupta perforasyon olmayan gruba göre daha düşük bulunmuş olup istatiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0.001). Akut apandisit tanısında DAMRG'nin duyarlılık, özgüllük, NTD, PTD, doğruluk oranları sırasıyla; %97.5, %100, %93.75, %100 ve %98.18 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Sonuç: DAGMR non invazif ve hızlı bir çekim tekniği olması, iyonizan radyasyon içermemesi nedeniyle birçok alanda olduğu gibi gelecekte de akut apandisitlerin tanısında ve klinik analizinde özellikle gebelerde ve çocuklarda gittikçe artarak kullanılacaktır. Difüzyon sinyal hiperintensitesi ve ADC değerleri bakımından akut apandisit ve kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı farklılık mevcuttur.
The Value of Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Quantification in the Diagnosis of Acute AppendicitisPURPOSEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and quantitative measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis cases, with histopathologic correlation.METHOD AND MATERIALSSixty consecutive patients (34 M, 26 F, range: 13-87 years) with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis were included in this prospective study. 40 patients (23M, 17F, range 33,65±16,17years) having histopatologic correlation and constituted the case group. Twenty subjects with no abdominal complaint constituted the control group. Abdominal MRI examinations were performed with a 1,5 Tesla unit (Siemens Symphony). Before DWI, axial and coronal T2-weighted True-FISP and TIRM sequences were obtained. DWI examinations were maintained with single shot TSE echoplanar sequence and b values of 50, 400 and 800 mm²/sec. ADC calculations were made from the ADC maps by placing ROI (region of interest: 9-22 mm2) on the inflamed appendix wall in case group and on the normal cecal mucosa in control group (ROI: 3-6 mm2). Using SPSS programme, independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean ADC values of case and control groups, as well as perforatedandnon-perforatedcases.RESULTSOf the 60 cases, 44 had a radiologic diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and 16 were regarded as normal. Five of the 44 patients did not accept surgical operation and were excluded from the study. Of the 40 patients who underwent surgical operation, 12 had a histopathological diagnosis of perforated appendicitis and 28 of them non-perforated appendicitis. Mean ADC values in patients with acute appendicitis were significantly lower than control group, being 1,12±0,227x10-3 mm2/sec and 1.85±0.13x10-3 mm2/sec, respectively (p<0.001). Mean ADC values in the perforated group were found to be significantly lower than non-perforated group, being 0.79±0.19x10-3 mm2/sec and 1.01±0.26x10-3 mm2/sec, respectively (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy rate of DWI in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were found to be 97,5 %, 100%, 93.75%, 100%, and 98.18%, respectively.CONCLUSIONDue to the fact that DWI is a non invasive, fast examination technique, containing no ionosing radiation, it will increasingly be used in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis especially in children and pregnant women in the future MR imaging with diffusion could be beneficial in the differatiation of the both perforated and non-perforated cases by the aid of quantitative ADC measurements.
The Value of Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Quantification in the Diagnosis of Acute AppendicitisPURPOSEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and quantitative measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis cases, with histopathologic correlation.METHOD AND MATERIALSSixty consecutive patients (34 M, 26 F, range: 13-87 years) with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis were included in this prospective study. 40 patients (23M, 17F, range 33,65±16,17years) having histopatologic correlation and constituted the case group. Twenty subjects with no abdominal complaint constituted the control group. Abdominal MRI examinations were performed with a 1,5 Tesla unit (Siemens Symphony). Before DWI, axial and coronal T2-weighted True-FISP and TIRM sequences were obtained. DWI examinations were maintained with single shot TSE echoplanar sequence and b values of 50, 400 and 800 mm²/sec. ADC calculations were made from the ADC maps by placing ROI (region of interest: 9-22 mm2) on the inflamed appendix wall in case group and on the normal cecal mucosa in control group (ROI: 3-6 mm2). Using SPSS programme, independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean ADC values of case and control groups, as well as perforatedandnon-perforatedcases.RESULTSOf the 60 cases, 44 had a radiologic diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and 16 were regarded as normal. Five of the 44 patients did not accept surgical operation and were excluded from the study. Of the 40 patients who underwent surgical operation, 12 had a histopathological diagnosis of perforated appendicitis and 28 of them non-perforated appendicitis. Mean ADC values in patients with acute appendicitis were significantly lower than control group, being 1,12±0,227x10-3 mm2/sec and 1.85±0.13x10-3 mm2/sec, respectively (p<0.001). Mean ADC values in the perforated group were found to be significantly lower than non-perforated group, being 0.79±0.19x10-3 mm2/sec and 1.01±0.26x10-3 mm2/sec, respectively (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy rate of DWI in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were found to be 97,5 %, 100%, 93.75%, 100%, and 98.18%, respectively.CONCLUSIONDue to the fact that DWI is a non invasive, fast examination technique, containing no ionosing radiation, it will increasingly be used in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis especially in children and pregnant women in the future MR imaging with diffusion could be beneficial in the differatiation of the both perforated and non-perforated cases by the aid of quantitative ADC measurements.
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Radyoloji ve Nükleer Tıp, Apandisit, Difüzyon Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme, Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme, Radyografi, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Appendicitis, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiography
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