'El-mekâsidü'l-Kur'aniyye fi Sûreti'l-Enbiyâ' (Enbiyâ sûresindeki Kur'anî maksatlar)
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2020
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Enbiyâ sûresi kıyametin yaklaşmasından bahseden ve kıyamet ile ilgili konuları ele alan Mekkî sûrelerden biridir. Önceki ümmetlerin durumunu da konu etmektedir. Enbiyâ sûresi nebi ve resullerden bahsetmekten yanı sıra onların ümmetlerinin durumu, Hz. Muhammed'in ümmeti ile karşılaştırmaktadır. Allah'ın, kavimlerine karşı peygamberlerine nasıl yardım ettiğini, dualarını kabul ettiğini beyan etmektedir. Enbiyâ sûresi dünya ve ahirette müminleri güzel bir sonuç beklediğini açıklamaktadır. Mekâsidü'ş-şerîa' ilmi İslâm şeriatın önemli ilimlerinden bir tanesidir. Bu ilimden maksat Allah'ın Kur'an-ı Kerîm'in âyetlerinde kastettiklerinin bilinmesidir. İslâm şeriatı kulları ilgilendiren bazı amaç ve maksatlar doğrultusunda gelmiştir. Zira yüce Allah'ın işleri abesten münezzehtir. Allah'ın vahyinin amacı maslahatların celbi ve kötülüklerin defi ile kulları ıslah etmektir. Enbiyâ sûresinde birçok önemli mekâsidü'ş-şerîa' diye tabir edilen şer'i maksatlar bulunmaktadır. Bu maksatları konu edinen mekâsidü'ş-şerîa' ilmi muteber ilimlerden olup kulların dünya ve ahiretle ilgili maslahatlarını, bu maslahatların gerçekleşmesini ve zararların giderilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca İslam dininin gerçek suretini ortaya konulması ve Allah'ın murad ve maksadını bilinmesi de bu ilmin konuları arasındadır. Kuşkusuz farklı kitaplarda dağınık bir şekilde ve satır aralarında yer alan mekâsidü'ş-şerîa' ilmi teşekkül edene kadar birçok aşamalardan geçmiştir. Özel olanlar ise aile kanunu, kısas, yetimlerin malının korunması ve hayatın diğer birçok alanlarında olduğu gibi belli ve özel bir amacı gerçekleştirmeyi gaye edinmektedir. Ayrıca kudreti ile kâinatta tasarruf eden yüce Allah'ın tevhidi, O'nun peygamberlerine tabi olmak ve elleri ile yaptıkları putlar ile Allah'a ortak koşan müşriklerin azarlanması (tevbih), akıl ve kalplerine galebe çalan cehaletlerinden ötürü ölüleri çıkartmaya kudretlerinin olduğunu iddia edeler de bu sûrenin ele aldığı konular arasındadır. Enbiyâ sûresi Allah'ın kudretini gösteren, vahdaniyetini ispat eden âyetlerin maksatlarını da irdelemektedir. Allah'ın yer, gök, yıldızlar ve bütün kâinatın yaratmasındaki ve insanı yoktan var etmesindeki kudretini gösteren âyetlerle nazil olan Kur'an-ı Kerîm Allah'ın her şeye kadir olduğunu beyan etmektedir. Enbiyâ sûresi aynı şekilde nebi ve resullerin sıfatlarını ve onların insanları Allah'ın ibadetine çağırmak için gönderildiklerini açıklamaktadır. Yine peygamberlerin beşer cinsinden olup diğer insanlar gibi hayatlarını idame etmek için yiyip içtiklerini, ölümlü olduklarını ve beşerin ihtiyaç duyduğu her şeye muhtaç olduklarını dile getirmektedir. Yüce Allah peygamberlerini insanlar içerisinden seçip ibadetine davet etmek, Allah'ın dinini diğer batıl din ve mabutlara karşı yüceltmek için deliller ile teyit ederek göndermiştir. Dolayısıyla tarih boyunca peygamberlerin gönderilmesindeki amaç tehvid, doğru inanç, hakkın ihkakı ve batılın ortadan kaldırılması şeklinde olmuştur. Ayrıca Allah'ın peygamberlerine faziletleri, kıyametin alametleri de Enbiyâ Sûresinin üzerinde durduğu konular arasında yer almaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur'an, Makâsıd, Kur'aniyye, Şer'iyye, Enbiyâ Sûresi
Surat Al-Anbiya is from the Meccan surahs, which dealt with the conversation about the imminence of the Hour of Resurrection, and people are oblivious to it. This is the case of the invalidators who hesitate in their arguments, and indeed the case of the previous nations to which the first were sent, and the surah dealt with mentioning the prophets and messengers, and explaining the conditions of their nations in comparison to the conditions of the nation of Muhammad (PBUH) and how God Almighty was supporting the prophets and messengers over their people and answering their prayers, and the messengers all came with one religion, which is The religion of God Almighty (Islam), and he praised them and those who believed with them, and the Holy Surah shows that the punishment for the believers is in this world and the victory in the Hereafter. Sharia objectives are an important science of Islamic law, and what is meant by it is to know what God intended in His verses, and their precise legal content, and Sharia came for the purposes and goals of the servants, and God does not do things in vain Rather, it must be a destination. Laws came to reform the servants, to bring their interests, and to ward off their evils. In the surah there are Islamic objectives that have great importance, and are even considered among the respected sciences, which concern the servants and their interests, related to matters of this world as well as the Hereafter, and to achieve benefits and interests and ward off harm and corruption from people, highlighting the true images of Islam, diving and delving deeper into the secrets of God Almighty, and knowing his aims and purposes. And it went through many stages and roles, as this science was scattered and scattered in many books, and the researcher in Islamic law finds many rulings that pertain to the people and their interests in this life and the them, and rebuking the polytheists, who made with God other gods made with their own hands, and which claimed their ability to bring out the dead, due to the ignorance that seized their hearts and minds, which made them vulnerable to the truth. His oneness, for the great Qur'an revealed the verses that indicate His power in His creation, for all the foundations of heaven, earth and planets, and created man after his lack of it, for he is the one who is capable of everything . Likewise, the surah showed the characteristics of the prophets and messengers and sending them to people to achieve. the slavery that God Almighty wanted, represented by worshiping Him alone, facilitating and relieving them. He did not make the prophets and messengers far from the nature of human beings, and he did not make them immortal in the life of this world not to die, but to make them need food and drink And all that humans need And that is for the survival and permanence of life, and God Almighty chose the prophets and messengers of mankind and sent them to them to invite them to worship God alone, supported by arguments and proofs, in support of their messages, which they were assigned to. To show the religion of God Almighty over all other deities, including idols and idols, and to carry this great faithfulness in sending them to people, for a great purpose and a great task, to unify belief and the right path, uphold the truth, and defeat falsehood, throughout the course of time; As if they were one nation. And that the surah showed the virtues of God Almighty over His prophets and the signs and horrors of the Hour, and this is from the matter of God preserving his religion, for he is the one who is blessed and bountiful to all creatures, and by what He bestowed upon them from His apparent and hidden blessings, Especially for His prophets whom He chose and met from His creation, and honored them with this divine honor, by sending them to the people, teaching them the method of God Almighty, making them the bearers of messages, and He bestowed upon them, took care of them and managed their affairs, and preserving them with His preservation. Keywords: Qoran, Purposes, Quranic, Legality, Surah Anbiya سػرة الأنبياء مغ الدػر السكية، التي تشاكلت الحجيث عغ قخب ؾيا الداعة كالشاس غافمػف لاىػف عشيا، كىحا حاؿ السبصمضغ الستخدديغ في حججيع، بل كحاؿ الأمع الدابقة التي أُرسل إلضيا الأكلػف، كتشاكلت الدػرة ذكخ الأنبياء كالخسل، كبياف أحػاؿ أمسيع مقا رنة بأحػاؿ أمة محمد )ص( ككيف كاف نرخ الله تعالى للؤنبياء كالخسل عمى أقػاميع كاستجابة دعائيع، كالخسل جسيعيع جاءكا بجيغ كاحج كىػ ديغ الله سبحانو ) الإسلب (، كقج أثشى عمضيع كعمى مغ آمغ معيع، كتبضغ الدػرة الكخيسة أف العاؾبة لمسؤمشضغ، في الجنيا كالفػز بالآخخة. اكلسقاصج الق آ خنية عمع مغ العمػ السيسة، كالس ا خد بيا معخفة ما قرج الله تعالى في آياتو، - - كمزسػنيا الجقضق، اكلق آ خف الكخيع جاء لسقاصج كأىجاؼ تخز العباد. كفي الدػرة مقاصج ليا أىسية كبضخة، حضث تسثل الؿيع العميا التي جاء بيا الأنبياء كالخسل مغ خلبؿ محاكرتيع لأقػاميع كالتي تتجمى مغ خلبليا صػ رة الإسلب الحؿيؿية، التي تجعػ إلى الخضخ كالإصلبح، ككحلظ لمغػص كالتعسق بأس ا خر الله تعالى، كمعخفة م ا خده كمقاصجه، كبضغ الله سبحانو كتعالى قجرتو مغ خلبؿ الآيات الجالة عمى عطستو كخمقو لمكػف، كتػجيو الأنبياء عمى شاعتو، كتػبيخ السذ خكضغ، الحيغ جعمػا مع الله آلية أخخػ السرشػعة بأيجييع، كالتي ادعػا بقجرتيا عمى إخ ا خج السػتى، كذلظ لمجيل السدتػلى عمى قمػبيع كعقػليع مسا جعميع معخضضغ عغ الحق، كبضشت الدػرة مقاصج الآيات الجالة عمى قجرة الله تعالى كإثبات كحجانضتو، ككحلظ بضشت الدػرة صفات الأنبياء كالخسل كإرساليع إلى الشاس لتحقضق العبػدية التي أ ا ردىا الله تعالى، الستسثمة بعبادتو كحجه، كالتيدضخ كالتخؽيف عشيع، كلع يجعل الأنبياء كالخسل مغ قبل بعضجيغ عغ شباع البذخ، كلع يجعميع خالجيغ في الحياة الجنيا لا يسػتػف، بل جعميع يحتاجػف إلى الصعا كالذ ا خب، كجسيع ما يحتاجو البذخ، كذلظ لبقاء كديسػمة الحياة والله تعالى اختار الأنبياء كالسخسمضغ مغ البذخ، كأرسميع إلضيع لضجعػىع إلى عبادة الله كحجه، مؤيجيغ بالحجج كالب ا خىضغ، تأيضجا لخسالاتيع، التي كمفػا بيا؛ لإضيار ديغ الله تعالى، عمى سائخ السعبػدات مغ غضخه، مغ الأكثاف كالأصشا، كحسل ىحه الأمانة العطيسة، في إرساليع إلى الشاس، لغاية عطيسة، كميسة كبضخة، لتػحضج العقضجة كالصخيق الرحيح، كإعلبء الحق، كإ ا زحة الباشل، عمى مجار الدماف؛ كأنيع أمة كاحجة. كأف الدػرة بضشت فزائل الله تعالى عمى أنبيائو كعلبمات كأىػاؿ الداعة، كىحا مغ باب حفع الله لجيشو فيػ صاحب السشة كالفزل، عمى جسيع الخلبئق، كبسا أنعع عمضيع مغ نعسو الطاىخة كالباششة، كبالخرػص عمى أنبيائو الحيغ اصصفاىع كاجتباىع مغ خمقو، ككخميع بيحا التكخيع الخباني، بإرساليع إلى الشاس، كتعميسيع مشيج الله تعالى، كجعميع حسمة الخسالات، كأنعع عمضيع كتػلاىع كدبخ أمخىع، كحفطيع بحفطو. الكمسات الافتتاحية: الق آ خف، السقاصج، الق آ خنية، الذخعضصة، سػرة الأنبياء.
Surat Al-Anbiya is from the Meccan surahs, which dealt with the conversation about the imminence of the Hour of Resurrection, and people are oblivious to it. This is the case of the invalidators who hesitate in their arguments, and indeed the case of the previous nations to which the first were sent, and the surah dealt with mentioning the prophets and messengers, and explaining the conditions of their nations in comparison to the conditions of the nation of Muhammad (PBUH) and how God Almighty was supporting the prophets and messengers over their people and answering their prayers, and the messengers all came with one religion, which is The religion of God Almighty (Islam), and he praised them and those who believed with them, and the Holy Surah shows that the punishment for the believers is in this world and the victory in the Hereafter. Sharia objectives are an important science of Islamic law, and what is meant by it is to know what God intended in His verses, and their precise legal content, and Sharia came for the purposes and goals of the servants, and God does not do things in vain Rather, it must be a destination. Laws came to reform the servants, to bring their interests, and to ward off their evils. In the surah there are Islamic objectives that have great importance, and are even considered among the respected sciences, which concern the servants and their interests, related to matters of this world as well as the Hereafter, and to achieve benefits and interests and ward off harm and corruption from people, highlighting the true images of Islam, diving and delving deeper into the secrets of God Almighty, and knowing his aims and purposes. And it went through many stages and roles, as this science was scattered and scattered in many books, and the researcher in Islamic law finds many rulings that pertain to the people and their interests in this life and the them, and rebuking the polytheists, who made with God other gods made with their own hands, and which claimed their ability to bring out the dead, due to the ignorance that seized their hearts and minds, which made them vulnerable to the truth. His oneness, for the great Qur'an revealed the verses that indicate His power in His creation, for all the foundations of heaven, earth and planets, and created man after his lack of it, for he is the one who is capable of everything . Likewise, the surah showed the characteristics of the prophets and messengers and sending them to people to achieve. the slavery that God Almighty wanted, represented by worshiping Him alone, facilitating and relieving them. He did not make the prophets and messengers far from the nature of human beings, and he did not make them immortal in the life of this world not to die, but to make them need food and drink And all that humans need And that is for the survival and permanence of life, and God Almighty chose the prophets and messengers of mankind and sent them to them to invite them to worship God alone, supported by arguments and proofs, in support of their messages, which they were assigned to. To show the religion of God Almighty over all other deities, including idols and idols, and to carry this great faithfulness in sending them to people, for a great purpose and a great task, to unify belief and the right path, uphold the truth, and defeat falsehood, throughout the course of time; As if they were one nation. And that the surah showed the virtues of God Almighty over His prophets and the signs and horrors of the Hour, and this is from the matter of God preserving his religion, for he is the one who is blessed and bountiful to all creatures, and by what He bestowed upon them from His apparent and hidden blessings, Especially for His prophets whom He chose and met from His creation, and honored them with this divine honor, by sending them to the people, teaching them the method of God Almighty, making them the bearers of messages, and He bestowed upon them, took care of them and managed their affairs, and preserving them with His preservation. Keywords: Qoran, Purposes, Quranic, Legality, Surah Anbiya سػرة الأنبياء مغ الدػر السكية، التي تشاكلت الحجيث عغ قخب ؾيا الداعة كالشاس غافمػف لاىػف عشيا، كىحا حاؿ السبصمضغ الستخدديغ في حججيع، بل كحاؿ الأمع الدابقة التي أُرسل إلضيا الأكلػف، كتشاكلت الدػرة ذكخ الأنبياء كالخسل، كبياف أحػاؿ أمسيع مقا رنة بأحػاؿ أمة محمد )ص( ككيف كاف نرخ الله تعالى للؤنبياء كالخسل عمى أقػاميع كاستجابة دعائيع، كالخسل جسيعيع جاءكا بجيغ كاحج كىػ ديغ الله سبحانو ) الإسلب (، كقج أثشى عمضيع كعمى مغ آمغ معيع، كتبضغ الدػرة الكخيسة أف العاؾبة لمسؤمشضغ، في الجنيا كالفػز بالآخخة. اكلسقاصج الق آ خنية عمع مغ العمػ السيسة، كالس ا خد بيا معخفة ما قرج الله تعالى في آياتو، - - كمزسػنيا الجقضق، اكلق آ خف الكخيع جاء لسقاصج كأىجاؼ تخز العباد. كفي الدػرة مقاصج ليا أىسية كبضخة، حضث تسثل الؿيع العميا التي جاء بيا الأنبياء كالخسل مغ خلبؿ محاكرتيع لأقػاميع كالتي تتجمى مغ خلبليا صػ رة الإسلب الحؿيؿية، التي تجعػ إلى الخضخ كالإصلبح، ككحلظ لمغػص كالتعسق بأس ا خر الله تعالى، كمعخفة م ا خده كمقاصجه، كبضغ الله سبحانو كتعالى قجرتو مغ خلبؿ الآيات الجالة عمى عطستو كخمقو لمكػف، كتػجيو الأنبياء عمى شاعتو، كتػبيخ السذ خكضغ، الحيغ جعمػا مع الله آلية أخخػ السرشػعة بأيجييع، كالتي ادعػا بقجرتيا عمى إخ ا خج السػتى، كذلظ لمجيل السدتػلى عمى قمػبيع كعقػليع مسا جعميع معخضضغ عغ الحق، كبضشت الدػرة مقاصج الآيات الجالة عمى قجرة الله تعالى كإثبات كحجانضتو، ككحلظ بضشت الدػرة صفات الأنبياء كالخسل كإرساليع إلى الشاس لتحقضق العبػدية التي أ ا ردىا الله تعالى، الستسثمة بعبادتو كحجه، كالتيدضخ كالتخؽيف عشيع، كلع يجعل الأنبياء كالخسل مغ قبل بعضجيغ عغ شباع البذخ، كلع يجعميع خالجيغ في الحياة الجنيا لا يسػتػف، بل جعميع يحتاجػف إلى الصعا كالذ ا خب، كجسيع ما يحتاجو البذخ، كذلظ لبقاء كديسػمة الحياة والله تعالى اختار الأنبياء كالسخسمضغ مغ البذخ، كأرسميع إلضيع لضجعػىع إلى عبادة الله كحجه، مؤيجيغ بالحجج كالب ا خىضغ، تأيضجا لخسالاتيع، التي كمفػا بيا؛ لإضيار ديغ الله تعالى، عمى سائخ السعبػدات مغ غضخه، مغ الأكثاف كالأصشا، كحسل ىحه الأمانة العطيسة، في إرساليع إلى الشاس، لغاية عطيسة، كميسة كبضخة، لتػحضج العقضجة كالصخيق الرحيح، كإعلبء الحق، كإ ا زحة الباشل، عمى مجار الدماف؛ كأنيع أمة كاحجة. كأف الدػرة بضشت فزائل الله تعالى عمى أنبيائو كعلبمات كأىػاؿ الداعة، كىحا مغ باب حفع الله لجيشو فيػ صاحب السشة كالفزل، عمى جسيع الخلبئق، كبسا أنعع عمضيع مغ نعسو الطاىخة كالباششة، كبالخرػص عمى أنبيائو الحيغ اصصفاىع كاجتباىع مغ خمقو، ككخميع بيحا التكخيع الخباني، بإرساليع إلى الشاس، كتعميسيع مشيج الله تعالى، كجعميع حسمة الخسالات، كأنعع عمضيع كتػلاىع كدبخ أمخىع، كحفطيع بحفطو. الكمسات الافتتاحية: الق آ خف، السقاصج، الق آ خنية، الذخعضصة، سػرة الأنبياء.
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Din, Enbiya suresi, Kur'an-ı Kerim, Makasidü'l-Kur'an, Makasıdu`ş-Şeria, Tefsir, İslamiyet, Religion, Enbiya sura, Koran, Maqasid al-Qur'an, Makasıdu`ş-Şeria, Commentary, Islam
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133