Architectural Tradition in the Paintings of Osman Hamdi Bey and Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerine denk gelen batılılaşma, Osmanlı Devleti'nin içinde bulunduğu geri kalmışlığı ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla başlatılmıştır. Batılılaşma ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yüzünü Batı'ya dönmüş ve devletin varlığını sürdürebilmesi için Avrupa'daki gelişmeleri yakından takip etmek amacıyla Avrupa'ya öğrenci göndermiştir. Bu yenilikler arasında öncellikli olarak askeri gelişmeler yer alırken, sanat da göz ardı edilmemiştir. 30 Aralık 1842 yılında İstanbul'da dünyaya gözünü açan Osman Hamdi Bey, 1960 yılının mart ayında hukuk eğitim için Avrupa'ya gider. Kısa bir süre sonra hukuk eğitimini bırakır ve resim eğitimi almaya başlar. Osman Hamdi Bey, Avrupa'da aldığı resim eğitimi ile Osmanlıya geri dönüş yapar ve en nadide eserlerini, Osmanlı topraklarında vermeye başlar. Sanatçı, tablolarında çok geniş bir perspektif kullanmış ve geniş bir tablo kataloğu oluşturmuştur. Ressamın bu kadar geniş bir perspektife sahip olmasının temel sebebi, Osmanlı Devleti'ne bağlı farklı bölgelerde yapmış olduğu görevlerdir. Ressam, bu şekilde hem kendini geliştirmiş hem de Anadolu dışında yer alan mimari ve mimari elemanları tablosunda kullanmıştır. Osman Hamdi Bey, tablolarında kullandığı bazı mimari eserleri yerinde inceleyip tuvaline işlerken bazı mimari eserleri ise yerinde incelemeden, fotoğraf yoluyla tablosunda kullanmıştır. Ressamın bir diğer özelliği ise; bir mimari ya da mimari elemanı, birden fazla tablosunda kullanmış olmasıdır. Bunu yapan sanatçı, mekânı, mimari ya da mimari elemanları birden fazla tablosunda kullandığında, ufak değişikliklere gitmiştir. Bu değişiklikler genellikle, sanatçının kendi bakış açısını değiştirmesiyle oluşmaktadır. Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa, 1860 yılında İstanbul'un Üsküdar İlçesinde doğmuştur. Sanatçının sanat hayatını üç bölüme ayırmak mümkündür. İlk dönemi, askeri okuldaki dönemlerinde fotoğraf aracılığıyla perspektifi önemsediği yapıtları, ikinci döneni, kendi sanatçı kimliğini oluşturmaya çalışırken yaptığı resimler ve üçüncü olarak, sanatçının son yıllarını içine alan dönemdir. Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa da, sanat hayatının ilk dönmelerinde, Osman Hamdi Bey gibi fotoğraftan yararlanmıştır. Ressam, bir mimari eseri, birden fazla tablosunda kullanmıştır. Sanatçı bu mekânlarda değişikliklere gitmiştir. Bu değişiklikler kimi zaman süslemelerde kimi zaman ise direkt mimarinin kendisinde görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelime: Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa, Geç Osmanlı Ressamlarında Mimari Gelenek, Osman Hamdi Bey
Westernization during the Ottoman Empire, coincided with the last periods of the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the Ottoman Empire was in many ways backward compared to other European countries. In order to eliminate the backwardness of the Ottoman Empire, the westernization process was initiated.The Ottoman Empire sent students to Europe in order to closely follow the developments in Europe in order for the state to survive.These developments include military and artistic developments. Osman Hamdi Bey was born on December 30, 1842 in Istanbul. He went to Europe to study law in 1960. Osman Hamdi Bey quit his law education after a short time and started to study painting. Osman Hamdi Bey returns to the Ottoman Empire with the painting education he received in Europe and begins to produce his most precious works in the Ottoman lands. The artist used a very wide perspective in his paintings and created a wide catalog of paintings. The main reason why the painter has such a broad perspective is the duties he performed in different regions of the Ottoman Empire. The painter used many architectural works in his paintings. Among these architectural works, there are also works located outside the Ottoman lands. While Osman Hamdi Bey examined some of the works he used in his paintings onsite and embroidered them on his canvas, he was injured by the photographs taken previously of some of the works. Another feature of the painter is; is to draw an architectural work item as if it belongs to another architectural work. Hüseyin Zekai Paşa was born in 1860 in Üsküdar District of Istanbul. It is possible to divide the artistic life of the artist into three parts. The first period includes the works that he cared about perspective through photography during his military school years, the second returning, the paintings he made while trying to create his own artist identity, and the third, the last years of the artist. Hüseyin Zekai Paşa, like Osman Hamdi Bey, also benefited from photography in the early stages of his artistic life. the artist has used the same architectural work in more than one of his paintings. The artist made changes in these architectural works. These changes are sometimes seen in the decorations and sometimes directly in the architecture itself. Keywords: Architectural Tradition in Late Ottoman Painters, Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa, Osman Hamdi Bey
Westernization during the Ottoman Empire, coincided with the last periods of the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the Ottoman Empire was in many ways backward compared to other European countries. In order to eliminate the backwardness of the Ottoman Empire, the westernization process was initiated.The Ottoman Empire sent students to Europe in order to closely follow the developments in Europe in order for the state to survive.These developments include military and artistic developments. Osman Hamdi Bey was born on December 30, 1842 in Istanbul. He went to Europe to study law in 1960. Osman Hamdi Bey quit his law education after a short time and started to study painting. Osman Hamdi Bey returns to the Ottoman Empire with the painting education he received in Europe and begins to produce his most precious works in the Ottoman lands. The artist used a very wide perspective in his paintings and created a wide catalog of paintings. The main reason why the painter has such a broad perspective is the duties he performed in different regions of the Ottoman Empire. The painter used many architectural works in his paintings. Among these architectural works, there are also works located outside the Ottoman lands. While Osman Hamdi Bey examined some of the works he used in his paintings onsite and embroidered them on his canvas, he was injured by the photographs taken previously of some of the works. Another feature of the painter is; is to draw an architectural work item as if it belongs to another architectural work. Hüseyin Zekai Paşa was born in 1860 in Üsküdar District of Istanbul. It is possible to divide the artistic life of the artist into three parts. The first period includes the works that he cared about perspective through photography during his military school years, the second returning, the paintings he made while trying to create his own artist identity, and the third, the last years of the artist. Hüseyin Zekai Paşa, like Osman Hamdi Bey, also benefited from photography in the early stages of his artistic life. the artist has used the same architectural work in more than one of his paintings. The artist made changes in these architectural works. These changes are sometimes seen in the decorations and sometimes directly in the architecture itself. Keywords: Architectural Tradition in Late Ottoman Painters, Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa, Osman Hamdi Bey
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Keywords
Güzel Sanatlar, Sanat Tarihi, Geleneksel mimari, Hüseyin Zekai Paşa, Mimari, Osman Hamdi Bey, Resim sanatı, Resimler, Tablolar, Türk resim sanatı, Fine Arts, Art History, Traditional architecture, Hüseyin Zekai Pasha, Architectural, Osman Hamdi Bey, Painting art, Pictures, Paintings, Turkish painting art
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190