Use Of Fish Gelatin As Stabilizer In Yoghurt Production
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2013
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Yoğurt bütün dünyada yaygın olarak tüketilen geleneksel bir süt ürünümüzdür. Sinerez yoğurt için önemli bir kalite parametresi ve büyük bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada, keçi boynuzu gamı ve farklı jelatinlerin yoğurdun fizikokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, balık derisinden, balık pulundan ve sığır derisinden elde edilen ticari jelatinler kullanılmıştır. Yoğurt örnekleri sütün pastörizasyonundan hemen sonra kg başına 5 g keçi boynuzu gamı ve farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen jelatin eklenerek hazırlanmıştır. Yoğurt yapımı pastörize tam yağlı inek sütüne 0.2 g / L süt düzeyinde liyofilize starter kültür katılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnkübasyondan sonra, yoğurt örnekleri +4°C?de iki hafta boyunca depolanmış ve sinerez, vizkozite ve su tutma kapasitesi gibi kalite parametreleri periyodik olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kontrol ve gam eklenen örneklerin sinerez, viskozite ve su tutma kapasitesi değerleri neredeyse aynı iken, jelatin eklenen örneklerdeki değerlerin kontrol ve gam eklenen örneklerden istatistiksel olarak önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0.01). Farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen jelatinlerin eklendiği örneklerde sinerez istatistiksel olarak önemli ölçüde azalmış ve viskozite artmıştır. Kontrol, 250 bloom balık derisi jelatini, 150 bloom sığır derisi jelatini, keçiboynuzu gamı, 250 bloom balık pulu jelatini ve 200 bloom sığır derisi jelatini örneklerinin viskozitesi sırasıyla 3885, 11803, 10495, 3465, 10328 ve 9866 cP olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre, yoğurtta sinerez sorununu önlemek için jelatinin yararlı bir katkı maddesi olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yoğurt, jelatin, sinerez, viskozite.
Yoghurt is a traditional Turkish dairy product widely consumed globally. Syneresis is a big concern and an important quality parameter for yoghurt. In this study, effect of locust bean gum and different gelatins on physicochemical properties of yoghurt was investigated. Commercially available gelatins obtained from fish skin, fish scale and bovine skin were used. Yoghurt samples were prepared with addition of locust bean gum and gelatins at a level of 5 g per kg of yoghurt right after pasteurization of milk. Pasteurized full fat cow milk was used for making yoghurt with addition of freeze dried starter culture at a level of 0.2 g per liter of milk. After incubation, yoghurt samples were stored at 4°C for two weeks and analyzed periodically for quality parameters such as syneresis, viscosity and water holding capacity. According to the results; syneresis, viscosity and water holding capacity of control and gum added sample were almost identical while gelatin added samples significantly differed from the control and the gum added sample (P<0.01). The syneresis was significantly lowered with addition of gelatin of any source studied. Meanwhile, viscosity increased with addition of gelatin and was 3885, 11803, 10495, 3465, 10328 and 9866 cP for the control, 250 bloom fish skin gelatin, 150 bloom bovine skin gelatin, locust bean gum, 250 bloom fish scale gelatin and 200 bloom bovine skin gelatin, respectively. Gelatin was concluded to be a useful ingredient in preventing syneresis in yogurt as confirmed by sensory studies performed. Keywords: Yoghurt, gelatin, syneresis, viscosity.
Yoghurt is a traditional Turkish dairy product widely consumed globally. Syneresis is a big concern and an important quality parameter for yoghurt. In this study, effect of locust bean gum and different gelatins on physicochemical properties of yoghurt was investigated. Commercially available gelatins obtained from fish skin, fish scale and bovine skin were used. Yoghurt samples were prepared with addition of locust bean gum and gelatins at a level of 5 g per kg of yoghurt right after pasteurization of milk. Pasteurized full fat cow milk was used for making yoghurt with addition of freeze dried starter culture at a level of 0.2 g per liter of milk. After incubation, yoghurt samples were stored at 4°C for two weeks and analyzed periodically for quality parameters such as syneresis, viscosity and water holding capacity. According to the results; syneresis, viscosity and water holding capacity of control and gum added sample were almost identical while gelatin added samples significantly differed from the control and the gum added sample (P<0.01). The syneresis was significantly lowered with addition of gelatin of any source studied. Meanwhile, viscosity increased with addition of gelatin and was 3885, 11803, 10495, 3465, 10328 and 9866 cP for the control, 250 bloom fish skin gelatin, 150 bloom bovine skin gelatin, locust bean gum, 250 bloom fish scale gelatin and 200 bloom bovine skin gelatin, respectively. Gelatin was concluded to be a useful ingredient in preventing syneresis in yogurt as confirmed by sensory studies performed. Keywords: Yoghurt, gelatin, syneresis, viscosity.
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Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
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