1747'den 1796 Yılına Kadar İran'da Taht Kavgaları
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2022
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İran, jeopolitik konumu nedeniyle tarih boyunca Doğu-Batı medeniyetleri arasında bir köprü vazifesi görmüştür. İran'ın verimli topraklara sahip olması ve ticaret yolları üzerinde bulunması stratejik önemini daha da artırmıştır. Bu nedenle kadim İran coğrafyasının üzerinde birçok medeniyet kurulmuştur. Bulunduğu konum bakımından kilit bir yerde yer alan İran'da öteden beri savaşlar, göçler ve yıkımlar hiç eksik olmamıştır. Tarihi kaynaklara göre İran'da kurulan devletlerin ilki Medlerdir. Medlerden sonra İran'da Parslar, Ahamenişler, Partlar, Selefkoslar, Sasaniler, İslam Uygarlığı Yönetimi, İlhanlılar, Selçuklular, Akkoyunlular, Karakoyunlular, Safeviler ve Kaçarlar kurulmuştur. Safevi Devleti'nin yıkılmasıyla birlikte Nadir Şah'ın kısa süren saltanatı haricinde yaklaşık bir asır İran'da yönetim bütünlük ve devamlılığı sağlanamamıştır. Horasan bölgesi dışında Kerim Han Zend XVIII. yüzyılda ülkenin büyük bir kısmına hâkim olmayı başarmıştır. Ancak yine de ülke bütününe egemen olamamıştır. Bu sebeple İran'da yönetim boşluğunun bir asra yakın devam ettiği zaman dilimi 'Fetret Devri' ya da 'Vahşet Devri' olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Kaçar Devleti'nin kurucusu Ağa Muhammed Şah, askeri disiplini ve üstün gayretiyle Zendleri tamamen ortadan kaldırıp Horasan'ı Şahruh Han'dan alınca bu devir kapanmıştır. 'Vahşet Dönemi' olarak adlandırılan bu dönemin başlıca taht kavgaları ve siyasi mücadelelerini konu alan çalışmamız bu alanda bir boşluğu dolduracağı için tez konum bu şekilde belirlenmiştir.
Due to Iran's geopolitical position, it has connected East-West civilizations throughout history. The fact that it has fertile lands and is located on trade routes has increased its importance even more. For this reason, many civilizations have been established on the ancient Iranian geography. In Iran, which is located in a key place in terms of its location, wars, migrations and destructions have never been lacking for a long time. According to historical sources, the first of the states established in Iran was the Medes. After the Medes, Pars, Achaemenids, Parthians, Seleucids, Sassanids, Islamic Civilization Administration, Ilkhanids, Seljuks, Akkoyunlus, Karakoyunlus, Safavids and Qajars were established in Iran. With the collapse of the Safavid State, except for the short reign of Nadir Shah, the integrity and continuity of governance in Iran could not be ensured for about a century. From the Khorasan region, Karim Khan Zand managed to dominate a large part of the country in the 18th century. However, it still could not dominate the whole country. For this reason, the period of time in which the gap in Iran continued for nearly a century was described as the 'Age of Fatret' or the 'Age of Brutality'. This era was closed when Agha Mohammad Shah, the founder of the Qajar State, completely eliminated the Zands with his military discipline and superior effort and took Khorasan from Shahrukh Khan. Since our study, which deals with the main throne fights and political struggles in this period called the 'Brutality Period', will fill an important gap in our country in this field, the thesis position has been determined in this way.
Due to Iran's geopolitical position, it has connected East-West civilizations throughout history. The fact that it has fertile lands and is located on trade routes has increased its importance even more. For this reason, many civilizations have been established on the ancient Iranian geography. In Iran, which is located in a key place in terms of its location, wars, migrations and destructions have never been lacking for a long time. According to historical sources, the first of the states established in Iran was the Medes. After the Medes, Pars, Achaemenids, Parthians, Seleucids, Sassanids, Islamic Civilization Administration, Ilkhanids, Seljuks, Akkoyunlus, Karakoyunlus, Safavids and Qajars were established in Iran. With the collapse of the Safavid State, except for the short reign of Nadir Shah, the integrity and continuity of governance in Iran could not be ensured for about a century. From the Khorasan region, Karim Khan Zand managed to dominate a large part of the country in the 18th century. However, it still could not dominate the whole country. For this reason, the period of time in which the gap in Iran continued for nearly a century was described as the 'Age of Fatret' or the 'Age of Brutality'. This era was closed when Agha Mohammad Shah, the founder of the Qajar State, completely eliminated the Zands with his military discipline and superior effort and took Khorasan from Shahrukh Khan. Since our study, which deals with the main throne fights and political struggles in this period called the 'Brutality Period', will fill an important gap in our country in this field, the thesis position has been determined in this way.
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Tarih, İran, History, Iran
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102