Hydrocephalus

Abstract

Hydrocephaly is called increased intracranial pressure associated with enlarged ventricle as a result of imbalance between produce and absorption of Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) which functions as a natural pillow in the brain. Prevalence is 1-1.5 percent. Hydrocephaly may depend on many cause including subnormal CSF reabsorbtion, increased CSF production, increased venous pressure, and obstruction in circulation of CSF. There is an increased CSF volume. Increased CSF volume results from imbalance between absorption and production of CSF. CSF produces in the choroid plexus and absorbs in the arachnoid villuses. The brain which is closely pressed in the cranium is damaged. Therefore, pressed brain tissue cannot function completely. Hydrocephalus may be obstructive type, which there is a obstruction in CSF pathways, and non obstructive type which there is not a obstruction in CSF pathways. The patient with hydrocephalus complains of nause, vomiting and headache. There may be also lethargy, unconscious, irritability, enlarged head circumference, growth and mental retardation findings. Dilated ventricle can be seen in CT and MRI. If it is not treated immediately, it may end with the death of the patient. Aim of the treatment of hydrocephalus is to reduce to intracranial volume to normal limits in order to provide normal brain development.