Major Adverse Cardiac Outcomes of Provisional Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Technique for Bifurcation Lesions and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures for Lesions Close To the Bifurcation Region at 1-Year Follow-Up
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2024
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Giriş ve amaç: Perkütan koroner girişim yapılan hastalarda gelişen teknolojiye rağmen hala işlem sırasında veya sonrasında komplikasyonlar görülmektedir. Bunun nedenleri arasında lezyonun yeri, bulunduğu damar ve stentin implante edilme şeklidir. Biz de bu çalışmada bifurkasyon bölgesine yakın lezyonları bulunan hastalara stent implante edilirken prosedür sırasında stentin karinaya uzatılması ile 1 yıllık takipte olan majör olumsuz kardiyak olayları araştıracağız. Gereç ve yöntem: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp merkezi etik kurulundan onay alındıktan sonra 179 bifurkasyon bölgesi (BB) lezyonu ile 177 bifurkasyon bölgesine yakın (BBY) lezyonu olan hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. BB lezyonları bifurkasyon noktasına ≤4 mm uzaklıktaki lezyonları kapsarken BBY lezyonları ise bu alana <3 mm yakınında bulunan lezyonları kapsamaktadır. Tüm hastaların demografik ve klinik verileri kaydedildi. Anjiyografik görüntüleri kantitaif (QCA)olarak analiz edildi. Ölen hastalar dışındaki tüm hastalara 1. Yılında ulaşıldı ve poliklinikte kontrolleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 61,5 olan hastaların %69'unu erkekler oluşturmakta. Yaş, cinsiyet, klinik ve kan tetkikleri bakımında iki grupta istatatistiksel olarak benzerdi (>p=0,05). BBY lezyonu olan hastalarda bifurkasyon açısı ile proksimal referans damar çapı daha büyüktü (p=0,036). Kullanılan stent uzunluğu, stent sayısı ve lezyon sayısı bakımında iki grup arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p=0,05). BB' en çok işlem LAD-Dg'de yapılırken, BBY grupta ise en çok LAD osteal şeklinde işlem yapıldı. İki grup arasında 1 yıllık takipte majör olumsuz kardiyak olay (MACE) görülme bakımında BBY grubunda daha fazla olmasına rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (BB: %3,4, BBY: %5,1, p=0,416). İki grup arasında anjina görülmesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi ancak BB grubunda daha fazla görüldü (BB:%20, BBY:%16, p=0,298). İşlem şekline göre provizyonel stentleme (PS) ve osteal stentleme (OS) olarak iki gruba ayrıldığında OS grubunda daha fazla MACE görülmesine rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (PS:%3,3,OS%5,4, p=0,333). Anjina görülme bakımındada benzer sonuçlar vardı (PS:%21,OS%14, p=0,083). Kaplan-meier survi grafine göre de gruplar arasında fark bulunmadı. Tartışma ve sonuç: BBY lezyonlara stent implante edilirken stentin proksimal kenarı lezyonun proksimalindeki temiz alana implante edilir. Bu alan da karina bölgesine denk gelebilir. Bu yüzden lezyon bifurkasyonda olmasa bile stentin karinaya uzatılmasından dolayı meydana gelebilecek plak rüptürü, köşe diseksiyonu, karina ve plak kayması gibi durumlar oluşabilir. Bu da uzun dönemde MACE'ye yol açabilir. Çalışmanın hipotezi de bu temelde oluşturuldu. Buna göre BBY lezyonu olan hastalara yapılan işlemlerin 1 yıllık takipte en az BB lezyonlarına yapılan provizyonel stentleme (PS) kadar majör olumsuz kardiyak olaya (MACE) neden olduğunu bulduk. MACE takiplerde her ne kadar gruplar arasında benzer olsa da BBY grubunda daha fazlaydı. Özellikle PS yapılan grupta OS yapılan gruba göre takiplerde anjina görülme oranı daha fazlaydı. Bunun nedeni proksimal damar boydan boya stentlenirken yan dalın stentin altında kalması olabilir. Ayrıca OS yapılan grupta anjina her ne kadar daha az görülse bile iskemi kanıtı bulunma ve revaskülarizasyon yapılma oranı PS'ye göre daha fazlaydı. Bu da bize OS yapılan hastalarda iskemi kanıtı varlığında daha alert olmamız gerektiği anlamına geliyor.
Introduction and objective: Despite the advances in technology, patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention still experience complications during or after the procedure. Among the reasons are the location of the lesion, the vessel where the lesion is located and the way the stent is implanted. In this study, we will investigate major adverse cardiac events at 1-year follow-up in patients with lesions close to bifurcation region with the extension of the stent to the carina during stent implantation. Materials and methods: After approval from the ethics committee of Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, 179 patients with bifurcation zone (BB) lesions and 177 patients with near bifurcation zone (NBZ) lesions were included in the study. BB lesions includes lesions ≤4 mm away from the bifurcation point, while BBY lesions includes lesions <3 mm away from this area. Demographic and clinical data of all the patients were recorded. Angiographic images were analyzed quantitatively (QCA). All patients, except for the dead patients, were contacted at the first year and were followed up in the outpatient clinic. Results: 69% of the patients whose the mean age was 61.5 years and were men. Age, gender, clinical and blood tests were statistically similar in the two groups (>p=0.05). The bifurcation angle and proximal reference vessel diameter were larger in patients with NBZ lesions (p=0.036). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of stent length, number of stents and number of lesions (p=0.05). Most of the procedures were performed in the LAD-Dg in the BB group, whereas most of the procedures were performed in the LAD osteal in the NBZ group. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1-year follow-up between the two groups was higher in the NBZ group, but not statistically significant (BB: 3.4%, BBY: 5.1%, p=0.416). The incidence of angina was not statistically significant between the two groups but was more common in the BB group (BB: 20%, BBY: 16%, p=0.298). When divided into two groups according to the type of procedure as provisional stenting (PS) and osteal stenting (OS), MACE was more common in the OS group, but not statistically significant (PS: 3.3%, OS: 5.4%, p=0.333). There were similar results in terms of angina incidence (PS: 21%, OS 14%, p=0.083). Kaplan-meier survival graph also showed no difference between the groups. Discussion and conclusion: When implanting a stent in NBZ lesions, the proximal edge of the stent is implanted in the clear area of the proximal of the lesion. This area may coincide with the carina region. Therefore, even if the lesion is not in the bifurcation, plaque rupture, corner dissection, carina and plaque displacement may occur due to the extension of the stent to the carina. This may lead to MACE in the long term. The hypothesis of the study was formed on this basis. Accordingly, we found that procedures performed on patients with BB lesions cause at least as many major adverse cardiac events (MACE) as provisional stenting (PS) of BB lesions at 1-year follow-up. Although MACE was similar between the groups at follow-up, it was higher in the BB lesion group. In particular, the rate of angina was higher in the PS group than in the OS group. This may be due to the fact that the proximal vessel was stented throughout while the side branch remained under the stent. In addition, even though angina was less common in the OS group, the rate of the evidence of ischemia and revascularization was higher than in the PS group. This means that we should be more alert in the presence of evidence of ischemia in patients undergoing OS.
Introduction and objective: Despite the advances in technology, patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention still experience complications during or after the procedure. Among the reasons are the location of the lesion, the vessel where the lesion is located and the way the stent is implanted. In this study, we will investigate major adverse cardiac events at 1-year follow-up in patients with lesions close to bifurcation region with the extension of the stent to the carina during stent implantation. Materials and methods: After approval from the ethics committee of Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, 179 patients with bifurcation zone (BB) lesions and 177 patients with near bifurcation zone (NBZ) lesions were included in the study. BB lesions includes lesions ≤4 mm away from the bifurcation point, while BBY lesions includes lesions <3 mm away from this area. Demographic and clinical data of all the patients were recorded. Angiographic images were analyzed quantitatively (QCA). All patients, except for the dead patients, were contacted at the first year and were followed up in the outpatient clinic. Results: 69% of the patients whose the mean age was 61.5 years and were men. Age, gender, clinical and blood tests were statistically similar in the two groups (>p=0.05). The bifurcation angle and proximal reference vessel diameter were larger in patients with NBZ lesions (p=0.036). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of stent length, number of stents and number of lesions (p=0.05). Most of the procedures were performed in the LAD-Dg in the BB group, whereas most of the procedures were performed in the LAD osteal in the NBZ group. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1-year follow-up between the two groups was higher in the NBZ group, but not statistically significant (BB: 3.4%, BBY: 5.1%, p=0.416). The incidence of angina was not statistically significant between the two groups but was more common in the BB group (BB: 20%, BBY: 16%, p=0.298). When divided into two groups according to the type of procedure as provisional stenting (PS) and osteal stenting (OS), MACE was more common in the OS group, but not statistically significant (PS: 3.3%, OS: 5.4%, p=0.333). There were similar results in terms of angina incidence (PS: 21%, OS 14%, p=0.083). Kaplan-meier survival graph also showed no difference between the groups. Discussion and conclusion: When implanting a stent in NBZ lesions, the proximal edge of the stent is implanted in the clear area of the proximal of the lesion. This area may coincide with the carina region. Therefore, even if the lesion is not in the bifurcation, plaque rupture, corner dissection, carina and plaque displacement may occur due to the extension of the stent to the carina. This may lead to MACE in the long term. The hypothesis of the study was formed on this basis. Accordingly, we found that procedures performed on patients with BB lesions cause at least as many major adverse cardiac events (MACE) as provisional stenting (PS) of BB lesions at 1-year follow-up. Although MACE was similar between the groups at follow-up, it was higher in the BB lesion group. In particular, the rate of angina was higher in the PS group than in the OS group. This may be due to the fact that the proximal vessel was stented throughout while the side branch remained under the stent. In addition, even though angina was less common in the OS group, the rate of the evidence of ischemia and revascularization was higher than in the PS group. This means that we should be more alert in the presence of evidence of ischemia in patients undergoing OS.
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Kardiyoloji, Cardiology
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66