Wunderlich Syndrome: a Case Report

Abstract

Wunderlich syndrome is a rare cause of abdominal pain. This is spontaneous, nontraumatic kidney bleeding confined to the subcapsular and perirenal space. Various terms have been used including spontaneous perirenal haematoma, spontaneous subcapsular renal haemorrhage, nontraumatic perirenal haematoma and spontaneous perinephric haematoma. The etiology of spontaneous renal rupture has not been described yet. Possible causes include benign [e.g., angiomyolipomas (AML), tuberous sclerosis, renal cyst, adenoma, lipoma, and hamartoma] and malignant (e.g., oncocytoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, and Wilms’ tumor) tumors or it can occur secondary to vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa), nephritis, blood dyscrasias (anticoagulant agents, polycythaemia), renal stone disease, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, venous thrombosis or rupture of renal artery/intraparenchymal aneurysm. Clinically this condition presents with acute flank pain, palpable flank mass and hypovolemic shock together known as ‘Lenk’s triad’. Historically, renal neoplasms followed by vascular diseases were the most common causes of Wunderlich syndrome. Our case was 50 years old woman. A spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage patients who at night come to emergency with sudden abdominal pain. Wunderlich syndrome is cause of unexplained abdominal pain should be kept in mind. © 2019 OMU