Determination of Drought Resistance in Lines Selected From Bread Wheat Landraces (triticum Aestivum L.) Grown in the Van Lake Basin
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2023
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Buğday, insanların günlük enerji ihtiyacının %54'ünü sağlayan bir kültür bitkisidir. Buğday üretimi, küresel iklim değişikliği ile tekrarlanan kuraklıklar tarafından zorlanmaktadır. Kuraklık, Türkiye gibi kurak ve yarı kurak iklimlerde buğday üretiminin artırılmasının önündeki en büyük engeldir. Yerel buğday çeşitlerinin marjinal bölgelerde yetiştiriciliğine devam edilmesinin en önemli nedenlerinden birisi olumsuz koşullara uyum sağlama yetenekleridir. Bu nedenle yerel çeşitler modern bitki ıslahında abiyotik veya biyotik stres koşulları altında verimin artırılması ve kalite özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi için kullanılabilecek önemli bir genetik çeşitlilik kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada uzun yıllardır bölgede yetiştiriciliği yapılan yerel buğday genotiplerinin kuraklığa olan dayanımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci aşaması olan arazi denemesinde 657 buğday genotipinin, kurağa dayanımda seleksiyon kriteri olan bazı bitki özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu özellikler modifiye edilmiş tartılı derecelendirme metodu ile değerlendirilerek 4'ü kurağa dayanıklı ve 4'ü duyarlı olmak üzere 8 yerel buğday genotipi seçilmiştir. İkinci aşama olan sera çalışmalarında, seçilen genotipler ile 2 standart çeşidin, kısıtlı ve normal sulama koşullarında, 1 m'lik PVC tüplerde yetiştirilerek, bazı fenolojik, fizyolojik, morfolojik ve kök özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada en yüksek su kullanım etkinliğini Erciş 5-6 ve Muradiye 12-2 genotiplerinde belirlenmiştir. Kısıtlı sulama koşullarında tane veriminde en az kayıp Erciş 5-6 ve Bitlis 9-1 genotiplerinde tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek kuru kök ağırlığı Bitlis 1-4 ve Erciş 8-2 genotiplerinden ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada kullanılan yerel buğday genotiplerinin incelenen özellikler bakımından standart çeşitlere yakın performans gösterdiği ve kurak koşullar altında bazı özelliklerinin ise daha üstün olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Wheat is a cultivated crop that provides 54% of the world's daily energy needs. Wheat production is challenged by global climate change and recurrent droughts. Drought is the biggest obstacle facing wheat production enhancement in arid and semi-arid climates, such as Turkey. One of the reasons why local wheat varieties continue to be grown in marginal areas is their ability to adapt to adverse conditions. Therefore, local varieties are an important source of genetic diversity in modern plant breeding that can be used to increase yield and improve quality characteristics under abiotic or biotic stress conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the drought tolerance levels of local wheat genotypes grown in the region for many years. In the field trial, which was the first stage of the study, some plant characteristics of 657 wheat genotypes were determined. These were the selection criteria for drought tolerance. These characteristics were evaluated using the modified weighted grading method. Based on them, 8 local wheat genotypes were selected, 4 were resistant and 4 were sensitive to drought. In the greenhouse studies, which is the second stage, the selected genotypes and 2 standard varieties were grown in 1 m PVC tubes under limited and normal irrigation conditions, and some phenological, physiological, morphological, and root characteristics were evaluated. In the study, the highest water use efficiency was obtained from Erciş 5-6 and Muradiye 12-2 genotypes. Erciş 5-6 and Bitlis 9-1 genotypes had the lowest grain yield lose ratio under limited irrigation conditions. The highest dry root weight was measured from Bitlis 1-4 and Erciş 8-2 genotypes. It was concluded that the performance of the local wheat genotypes used in the study were close to the standard cultivars in terms of the characteristics examined and some of their characteristics were superior under limited irrigation conditions.
Wheat is a cultivated crop that provides 54% of the world's daily energy needs. Wheat production is challenged by global climate change and recurrent droughts. Drought is the biggest obstacle facing wheat production enhancement in arid and semi-arid climates, such as Turkey. One of the reasons why local wheat varieties continue to be grown in marginal areas is their ability to adapt to adverse conditions. Therefore, local varieties are an important source of genetic diversity in modern plant breeding that can be used to increase yield and improve quality characteristics under abiotic or biotic stress conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the drought tolerance levels of local wheat genotypes grown in the region for many years. In the field trial, which was the first stage of the study, some plant characteristics of 657 wheat genotypes were determined. These were the selection criteria for drought tolerance. These characteristics were evaluated using the modified weighted grading method. Based on them, 8 local wheat genotypes were selected, 4 were resistant and 4 were sensitive to drought. In the greenhouse studies, which is the second stage, the selected genotypes and 2 standard varieties were grown in 1 m PVC tubes under limited and normal irrigation conditions, and some phenological, physiological, morphological, and root characteristics were evaluated. In the study, the highest water use efficiency was obtained from Erciş 5-6 and Muradiye 12-2 genotypes. Erciş 5-6 and Bitlis 9-1 genotypes had the lowest grain yield lose ratio under limited irrigation conditions. The highest dry root weight was measured from Bitlis 1-4 and Erciş 8-2 genotypes. It was concluded that the performance of the local wheat genotypes used in the study were close to the standard cultivars in terms of the characteristics examined and some of their characteristics were superior under limited irrigation conditions.
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Ziraat, Kuraklık, Kök, Agriculture, Drought, Root
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186