Crisis Management in Businesses During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Example of Van Province Organised Industrial Zone
Abstract
Ani ve beklenmedik gelişmeler olarak tanımlanan kriz kavramı, hayatın doğal seyri içerisinde insanı ve insanla alakalı her konuyu etkilemektedir. Kriz öncesi dönemi etkili bir hazırlıkla geçiren işletmeler kriz henüz büyümeden sinyalleri yakalamakta ve krizin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirebilmekte, hatta krizin sunduğu fırsatlardan istifade edebilmektedir. 2019 yılında Çin'in Wuhan eyaletinde ortaya çıkan ve kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 salgını da hayatın birçok alanına olduğu gibi işletmelere de büyük tesirleri olan bir krizdir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid-19 salgını kaynaklı krizin yönetilmesinde yürütülen faaliyetlerin kriz yönetim süreci ölçekleri vasıtasıyla değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmanın verileri Van ili organize sanayi bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren 81 işletmenin başkan/sahip veya yöneticiyle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeden elde edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması sürecinde 'Çevresel Tarama Ölçeği', 'Hazırlık ve Planlama Ölçeği', 'Faaliyetler ve Tedbirler Ölçeği', 'Krizin Yansımaları Ölçeği' ve 'Krizden Öğrenilenlerin Uyarlanması Ölçeği' beş kriz yönetim safhasının ölçümlenmesi maksadıyla kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, Kruskal Wallis-H testi, Bonferroni düzeltmesi ve Mann Whitney-U testine başvurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, işletmelerin çevresel tarama safhasını kabul edilebilir ölçüde, hazırlık ve planlama safhasını büyük ölçüde yerine getirdikleri, buna rağmen faaliyetler ve tedbirler safhası özelliklerinin ise az ölçüde icra edildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırmada, krizin pazar payını, işletmelerin itibarını ve büyüklüğünü olumsuz etkilediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. İşletmelerin uyguladıkları yönetim, üretim, satış, pazarlama, satış sonrası servis süreçleri ile iş modelinin iyi yönde değiştiği, üretilen mal veya hizmetin ise değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca işletmenin ve katılımcının demografik özelliklerine göre fark analizlerinin sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir.
The concept of crisis, which is defined as sudden and unexpected developments, affects people and every subject related to people in the natural course of life. The Covid-19 epidemic, which emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 and spread all over the world in a short time, is a crisis that has great effects on businesses as well as many areas of life. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the activities carried out in the management of the crisis caused by the Covid-19 epidemic through crisis management process scales. The data of the research were obtained from face-to-face interviews with the chairman/owner or manager of 81 enterprises operating in the Van province organized industrial zone. During the data collection process, 'Environmental Screening Scale', 'Preparation and Planning Scale', 'Activities and Measures Scale', 'Crisis Reflections Scale' and 'Adaptation of Learning from the Crisis Scale' were used to measure five crisis management stages. In the analysis of the data obtained, descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis-H test, Bonferroni correction and Mann Whitney-U test were used. It has been concluded that the enterprises have fulfilled the environmental scanning phase to an acceptable extent and the preparation and planning phases to a large extent, however, the activities and measures phase features have been performed to a small extent. In the research, it was concluded that the crisis negatively affected the market share, reputation and size of the enterprises. It has been determined that the business model has changed for the better with the management, production, sales, marketing, after-sales service processes implemented by the enterprises, but the produced goods or services have not changed. In addition, the results of the difference analyzes according to the demographic characteristics of the enterprise and the participant are included.
The concept of crisis, which is defined as sudden and unexpected developments, affects people and every subject related to people in the natural course of life. The Covid-19 epidemic, which emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 and spread all over the world in a short time, is a crisis that has great effects on businesses as well as many areas of life. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the activities carried out in the management of the crisis caused by the Covid-19 epidemic through crisis management process scales. The data of the research were obtained from face-to-face interviews with the chairman/owner or manager of 81 enterprises operating in the Van province organized industrial zone. During the data collection process, 'Environmental Screening Scale', 'Preparation and Planning Scale', 'Activities and Measures Scale', 'Crisis Reflections Scale' and 'Adaptation of Learning from the Crisis Scale' were used to measure five crisis management stages. In the analysis of the data obtained, descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis-H test, Bonferroni correction and Mann Whitney-U test were used. It has been concluded that the enterprises have fulfilled the environmental scanning phase to an acceptable extent and the preparation and planning phases to a large extent, however, the activities and measures phase features have been performed to a small extent. In the research, it was concluded that the crisis negatively affected the market share, reputation and size of the enterprises. It has been determined that the business model has changed for the better with the management, production, sales, marketing, after-sales service processes implemented by the enterprises, but the produced goods or services have not changed. In addition, the results of the difference analyzes according to the demographic characteristics of the enterprise and the participant are included.
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Keywords
İşletme, COVID 19, Kriz, Kriz yönetimi, Organize endüstri bölgesi, Pandemiler, Van, İşletme yönetimi, Business Administration, COVID 19, Crisis, Crisis management, Organized industrial area, Pandemics, Van, Business management
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