The Preservative Efficacy of Achillea Arabica Kotschy and Artemisia Austriaca Jacq. Water Extracts in an Experimental Lung Fibrosis Model Created With Bleomycin
Abstract
Amaç: Diffüz parankimal akciğer hastalıkları idiyopatik intertisyel pnömoni, otoimmün intertisyel akciğer hastalıkları, granülomatöz DPAH, nedeni bilinen DPAH (HSP, ilaça sekonder.), diğer formda DPAH (lenfanjiomiyomatozis, histiyositozis-x, kronik eozinofilik pnömoni) olarak alt başlıklar altında sınıflandırılmış olup yaklaşık 200 farklı hastalıktan oluşmaktadır. Fibrozan intertisyel akciğer hastalıkları (İAH) tanımlaması ve sınıflaması zor olan ancak tedavi ve prognozları açısından farklılık arz eden heterojen bir grup hastalıktır. İAH, akciğer parankiminin inflamasyonu ve fibrozisiyle karakterizedir. Fibrozan akciğer hastalıkları İAH'ların alt gruplarından olup, progresif semptomlar, akciğer fonksiyon kapasitelerinde azalma, tedaviye genellikle düşük yanıt, hayat kalitesinde azalma ve mortaliteyle karakterizedir. İPF en sık görülen, progresif seyirli ve kötü klinikle seyreden idiyopatik intertisyel pnömonilerden olsa da diğer İAH çeşitleri de progresif fibrozan fenotip gösterir. İPF etyolojisi bilinmeyen, progresif kronik seyirli, genellikle 60 yaş üstü tanı alan, en mortal ve intertisyel akciğer hastalıklarının en sık sebebidir. İPF'nin küratif tedavisi halen bulunmamasına rağmen mevcut tedavisinde pirfenidon ve nintedanip FDA tarafından onaylanmıştır. Fibrozisle seyreden hastalıkların patofizyolojisini incelemek için oluşturulan ve dünya üzerinde en yaygın kullanılan model, ratlar üzerinde bleomisin (BLM) ile oluşturulan fibrozis modelidir. Pirfenidon antifibrotik bir ajan olup, anti-inflamatuar etkinliği mevcuttur. Kortikostreoidler antiinflamatuar etkili ajan olup, fibrozisle seyreden hastalıklarda hali hazırda kullanılmaktadır ve İPF'de akut alevlenme dışında önerilmemektedir. Artemisia austriaca Jack (yavşan) ve Achillea arabica Konstch (hanzabel) bitkileri geleneksel tıp tedavisinde kullanılan, antik Yunan döneminden beri yara iyileşmelerine iyi geldiği düşünülen ve günümüzde inflamatuar hastalıklarda, enfeksiyonlarda ve çeşitli vücut ağrılarında kullanılan bitki türleridir. Geleneksel tıpta kullanılan bitki ekstartlarının fibrozis üzerindeki etkisi özellikle Çin'de olmak üzere yaklaşık 30 yıldan fazla süredir araştırıla gelmiştir ve bu bitkilerin fitokimyasal olarak içerdikleri yoğun flavonoidlerin anti-inflamatuar etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, deneysel olarak BLM ile oluşturduğumuz fibrozis modelinde yavşan ve hanzabel bitkilerinin su ekstratlarının fibrozis üzerine etkilerini, İPF'nin mevcut tedavisinde kullanılan pirfenidon ve fibrozisle seyreden diğer hastalıklarda tedavide kullanılan kortikostreroidler ile karşılaştırmayı hedefledik. Metod: Çalışmada 63 Wistar albino ırkı dişi rat kullanıldı. Çalışma süresi 21 gün olarak planlandı. Ratlar her grupta 7'şer tane olmak üzere toplam 9 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu (n=7): Ratlara herhangi bir girişim ve madde uygulaması yapılmadı. Normal günlük yaşamları korundu. Bleomisin grubu (n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg canlı ağırlık oranında intratrakeal olarak tek doz şeklinde uygulandı. Pirfenidon grubu (n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg intratrakeal olarak tek doz ve bleomisin uygulamalarından 2 gün önce başlayıp 21 gün pirfenidon 100 mg/kg/gün intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. Metil prednizolon grubu (n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg intratrakeal olarak tek doz ve 5 mg/kg/gün metil prednizolon intraperitoneal olarak, bleomisin gruplarından 2 gün önce başlandı ve 21 gün boyunca uygulandı. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) grubu (n=7): Ratlara Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) bitkisi bleomisin gruplarından 2 gün önce başlandı ve 21 gün boyunca günlük 250 mg/kg dozunda uygulandı. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) grubu (n=7): Ratlara Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) bitkisi bleomisin gruplarından 2 gün önce başlandı ve 21 gün boyunca günlük 250 mg/kg dozunda uygulandı. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) ve Bleomisin grubu(n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg intratrakeal olarak tek doz ve Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) bitkisi bleomisin uygulamalarından 2 gün önce başlandı 21 gün boyunca günlük 250 mg/kg dozunda uygulandı. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) ve Bleomisin grubu (n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg intratrakeal olarak tek doz ve Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) bitkisi bleomisin uygulamalarından 2 gün önce başlandı 21 gün boyunca günlük 250 mg/kg dozunda uygulandı. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) + Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) ve Bleomisin grubu (n=7): Ratlara bleomisin 7,5 mg/kg intratrakeal olarak tek doz + Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) + Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) bitkileri Bleomisin uygulamalarından 2 gün önce başlandı 21 gün boyunca günlük 250 mg/kg dozunda uygulandı. 21 gün sonunda ratlardan kan numunelerini ileriki bir zamanda çalışılmak üzere muhafaza edildi ratların akciğer dokularından dokular alınarak histopatolojik olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Histopatolojik olarak yapılan incelemenin sonucunda, kontrol grubu ve sadece yavşan verilen gruplarda hafif inflamasyon geliştiği, histopatolojik verilerin istatistiksel sonuçlarının aynı olduğu ve sadece hanzabel grubunda ise orta düzeyde inflamasyon geliştiği gözlemlendi. Sadece BLM verilen grup III kontrol grubuyla histopatolojik olarak karşılaştırıldığında, şiddetli derecede inflamasyon, hemoraji ve fibrozis geliştiği gözlemlendi. Sadece BLM verilen grup ile kontrol grubu istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldığında sonuçların anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu gözlemlendi (p=<0,001). Sadece BLM verilen grup BLM + pirfenidon verilen grup ile karşılaştırıldığında, pirfenidonun fibrozis ve inflamasyonu %29 azalttığı; ancak bu düşüşün istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı gözlemlendi. BLM + metilprednizolon verilen grupla sadece BLM verilen grup histopatolojik olarak karşılaştırıldığında, fibrozis ve inflamasyonun benzer düzeyde olduğu, herhangi bir değişikliğe sebep olmadığı ve istatistiksel olarak aynı olduğu görüldü. BLM+hanzabel+yavşan verilen grup sadece BLM verilen grupla karşılaştırıldığında, fibrozis ve inflamasyonda istatistiksel olarak %71,4 azalma olduğu görüldü (p=0,013). BLM + yavşan + hanzabel ile BLM+metilprednizolon grubu kıyaslandığında, hanzabel+ yavşan bitkilerinin metilprednizolona göre inflamasyon ve fibrozisi istatistiksel olarak yüksek oranda düşürdüğü saptandı. BLM+hanzabel+yavşan grubu ile BLM+pirfenidon grubu karşılaştırıldığında, hanzabel+ yavşan bitkilerinin pirfenidona göre istatistiksel olarak inflamasyon ve fibrozisi daha fazla düşürdüğü görüldü. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları geleneksel tıpta kullanılan hanzabel ve yavşan bitkilerinin su ekstrasyonlarının başta İPF olmak üzere fibrozan akciğer hastalıklarında fibrozis gelişiminde koruyucu ve tedavi edici olduğunu gösterdi. Histopatolojik ve istatistiksel sonuçlara göre, BLM ile oluşturulan fibrozis rat modelinde, yavşan ve hanzabel bitkilerinin su ekstrasyonlarının akciğer fibrozisi üzerinde kortikostreoid ve pirfenidondan daha etkili olduğu görüldü.
Objective: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases are classified under subheadings as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, autoimmune interstitial lung diseases, granulomatous DPAH, DPAH of known cause (HSP, secondary to medication), other forms of DPAH (lymphangiomyomatosis, histiocytosis-x, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia) and consist of approximately 200 different diseases. Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are difficult to define and classify, but differ in terms of treatment and prognosis. ILD is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Fibrosing lung diseases are subgroups of ILDs and are characterized by progressive symptoms, decreased lung function capacity, poor response to treatment, decrease in quality of life and mortality cases. Although IPF is one of the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonias with a progressive course and poor clinical course, other types of ILD show a progressive fibrosing phenotype, as well. IPF is the most important cause of interstitial and most fatal lung diseases with a progressive chronic course, usually diagnosed over 60 years of age. IPF is the primary cause of the most lethal and interstitial lung diseases with a progressive chronic course, of unknown etiology, usually diagnosed over 60 years of age. There is currently no curative treatment for IPF; however pirfenidone and nintenaDIP were approved by the FDA. The most widely used model in the world, which is created to examine the pathophysiology of diseases with fibrosis, is the fibrosis model created with bleomycin (BLM) on rats. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent and has anti-inflammatory activity. Corticosteroids are anti inflammatory agents and are currently used in diseases with fibrosis, but they are not recommended in IPF except for acute exacerbation. Artemisia austriaca Jack (yavşan) and Achillea arabica Konstch (hanzabel) plants have been used in traditional medicine treatment, are thought to be good for wound healing since ancient Greek and are used in inflammatory diseases, infections and various pains today. The effect of plant extracts used in traditional medicine on fibrosis has been investigated, particularly in China, for more than 30 years and it has been proven that the intense flavonoids that these plants contain phytochemically have anti-inflammatory effects. In our study, we aimed to compare the effects of water extracts of yavşan and hanzabel plants on fibrosis in the fibrosis model we created with BLM experimentally, with pirfenidone used in the current treatment of IPF and corticosteroids used in the treatment of other diseases with fibrosis. Method: 63 Wistar albino female rats were used in the study. The experiment was planned to last 21 days. Rats were divided into 9 groups, 7 in each group. Control group (n=7): No substance was given to the rats and their usual way of life was preserved. Bleomycin group (n=7): Bleomycin was given to the rats as a single dose intratracheally at a rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Pirfenidone group (n=7): The rats were given a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin intratracheally and pirfenidone 100 mg/kg/day was administered intraperitoneally for 21 days starting 2 days before bleomycin administration. Methyl prednisolone group (n=7): 2 days before bleomycin group and for 21 days, the rats were given bleomycin 7.5 mg/kg intratracheally as a single dose and 5 mg/kg/day methyl prednisolone intraperitoneally. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) group (n=7): Rats Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) plant was started 2 days before Bleomycin groups and administered at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) group (n=7): Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plant was started 2 days before Bleomycin groups and was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) and Bleomycin group (n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) plant was given 2 days before Bleomycin applications and It was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) and Bleomycin group(n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plant was given to the rats 2 days before Bleomycin applications and It was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) + Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Yavşan) and bleomycin group (n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) and Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plants were given to the rats 2 days before Bleomycin applications and they were applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, blood samples were taken from the rats to be studied later and tissues taken from the lung tissues of the rats were examined histopathologically. V Findings: As a result of the histopathological examination, it was observed that mILD inflammation developed in the control group and yavşan only groups, the statistical results of the histopathological data were the same and moderate inflammation developed only in the hanzabel group. When the group given only BLM was compared histopathologically with the control group, it was observed that severe inflammation, hemorrhage and fibrosis developed. When the group given only BLM was compared statistically with the control group, it was observed that the results were significantly high. (p=<0,001). When the group given only BLM and the group given BLM + pırfenıdone were compared, it was observed that pirfenidone reduced fibrosis and inflammation by 29% although it was not statistically significant. When the group given BLM + methylprednisolone was compared histopathologically with the group given only BLM, it was seen that fibrosis and inflammation were at a similar level, methylprednisol did not cause any change and was statistically the same. When the BLM+hanzabel+yavşan group was compared with the BLM group, it was observed that there was a statistically 71.4% decrease in fibrosis and inflammation (p=0,013). When BLM + yavşan + hanzabel and BLM + methylprednizolone groups were compared, it was determined that hanzabel + yavşan plants lowered inflammation and fibrosis at a higher rate than methylprednisolone did. When the BLM + hanzabel + yavşan group was compared with the BLM + pirfenidone group, it was seen that hanzabel + yavşan plants reduced inflammation and fibrosis statistically more than pirfenidone did. Result: The results of this study show that water extracts of hanzabel and yavşan plants used in traditional medicine have a protective and therapeutic effect on fibrosing lung diseases, especially on IPF. According to the histopathological and statistical results, it was observed that water extracts of yavşan and hanzabel plants were more effective on lung fibrosis than corticosteroid and pirfenidone in the rat model of fibrosis created with BLM.
Objective: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases are classified under subheadings as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, autoimmune interstitial lung diseases, granulomatous DPAH, DPAH of known cause (HSP, secondary to medication), other forms of DPAH (lymphangiomyomatosis, histiocytosis-x, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia) and consist of approximately 200 different diseases. Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are difficult to define and classify, but differ in terms of treatment and prognosis. ILD is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Fibrosing lung diseases are subgroups of ILDs and are characterized by progressive symptoms, decreased lung function capacity, poor response to treatment, decrease in quality of life and mortality cases. Although IPF is one of the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonias with a progressive course and poor clinical course, other types of ILD show a progressive fibrosing phenotype, as well. IPF is the most important cause of interstitial and most fatal lung diseases with a progressive chronic course, usually diagnosed over 60 years of age. IPF is the primary cause of the most lethal and interstitial lung diseases with a progressive chronic course, of unknown etiology, usually diagnosed over 60 years of age. There is currently no curative treatment for IPF; however pirfenidone and nintenaDIP were approved by the FDA. The most widely used model in the world, which is created to examine the pathophysiology of diseases with fibrosis, is the fibrosis model created with bleomycin (BLM) on rats. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent and has anti-inflammatory activity. Corticosteroids are anti inflammatory agents and are currently used in diseases with fibrosis, but they are not recommended in IPF except for acute exacerbation. Artemisia austriaca Jack (yavşan) and Achillea arabica Konstch (hanzabel) plants have been used in traditional medicine treatment, are thought to be good for wound healing since ancient Greek and are used in inflammatory diseases, infections and various pains today. The effect of plant extracts used in traditional medicine on fibrosis has been investigated, particularly in China, for more than 30 years and it has been proven that the intense flavonoids that these plants contain phytochemically have anti-inflammatory effects. In our study, we aimed to compare the effects of water extracts of yavşan and hanzabel plants on fibrosis in the fibrosis model we created with BLM experimentally, with pirfenidone used in the current treatment of IPF and corticosteroids used in the treatment of other diseases with fibrosis. Method: 63 Wistar albino female rats were used in the study. The experiment was planned to last 21 days. Rats were divided into 9 groups, 7 in each group. Control group (n=7): No substance was given to the rats and their usual way of life was preserved. Bleomycin group (n=7): Bleomycin was given to the rats as a single dose intratracheally at a rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Pirfenidone group (n=7): The rats were given a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin intratracheally and pirfenidone 100 mg/kg/day was administered intraperitoneally for 21 days starting 2 days before bleomycin administration. Methyl prednisolone group (n=7): 2 days before bleomycin group and for 21 days, the rats were given bleomycin 7.5 mg/kg intratracheally as a single dose and 5 mg/kg/day methyl prednisolone intraperitoneally. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) group (n=7): Rats Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) plant was started 2 days before Bleomycin groups and administered at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) group (n=7): Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plant was started 2 days before Bleomycin groups and was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) and Bleomycin group (n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) plant was given 2 days before Bleomycin applications and It was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) and Bleomycin group(n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plant was given to the rats 2 days before Bleomycin applications and It was applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) + Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Yavşan) and bleomycin group (n=7): A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of bleomycin was administered intratracheally to the rats. Achillea arabica Kotschy (Hanzabel) and Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(Yavşan) plants were given to the rats 2 days before Bleomycin applications and they were applied at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, blood samples were taken from the rats to be studied later and tissues taken from the lung tissues of the rats were examined histopathologically. V Findings: As a result of the histopathological examination, it was observed that mILD inflammation developed in the control group and yavşan only groups, the statistical results of the histopathological data were the same and moderate inflammation developed only in the hanzabel group. When the group given only BLM was compared histopathologically with the control group, it was observed that severe inflammation, hemorrhage and fibrosis developed. When the group given only BLM was compared statistically with the control group, it was observed that the results were significantly high. (p=<0,001). When the group given only BLM and the group given BLM + pırfenıdone were compared, it was observed that pirfenidone reduced fibrosis and inflammation by 29% although it was not statistically significant. When the group given BLM + methylprednisolone was compared histopathologically with the group given only BLM, it was seen that fibrosis and inflammation were at a similar level, methylprednisol did not cause any change and was statistically the same. When the BLM+hanzabel+yavşan group was compared with the BLM group, it was observed that there was a statistically 71.4% decrease in fibrosis and inflammation (p=0,013). When BLM + yavşan + hanzabel and BLM + methylprednizolone groups were compared, it was determined that hanzabel + yavşan plants lowered inflammation and fibrosis at a higher rate than methylprednisolone did. When the BLM + hanzabel + yavşan group was compared with the BLM + pirfenidone group, it was seen that hanzabel + yavşan plants reduced inflammation and fibrosis statistically more than pirfenidone did. Result: The results of this study show that water extracts of hanzabel and yavşan plants used in traditional medicine have a protective and therapeutic effect on fibrosing lung diseases, especially on IPF. According to the histopathological and statistical results, it was observed that water extracts of yavşan and hanzabel plants were more effective on lung fibrosis than corticosteroid and pirfenidone in the rat model of fibrosis created with BLM.
Description
Keywords
Göğüs Hastalıkları, Achillea arabica, Akciğer, Akciğer hastalıkları, Artemisia austriaca, Bleomisin, Fibroz, Hayvan deneyleri, Metilprednizolon, Pirfenidon, Sıçanlar, Chest Diseases, Achillea arabica, Lung, Lung diseases, Artemisia austriaca, Bleomycin, Fibrosis, Animal experimentation, Methylprednisolone, Pirfenidone, Rats
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
84