Investigation of Depression Frequency, Risk Factors, and Social Support Levels in Mothers With Postpartum 2-Week Babies Who Applied To Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center
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2021
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Doğum sonrası depresyon anne, bebek, aile ve toplum sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen bir rahatsızlıktır. Doğum sonrası depresyon sıklıkla tanı alamamakta ve göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu dönemi yaşayan pek çok kadın hayatlarının en güzel anlarında depresif duygular yaşadıkları için suçluluk duyar ve belirtileri saklarlar. Bu çalışmamızın amacı postpartum dönemdeki annelerde depresyon sıklığı, risk faktörleri ve sosyal destek düzeylerini belirleyip erken tanı konulması ve Aile hekimleri tarafından postpartum depresyondaki annelere verilen desteğin artırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezi Aile hekimliği ve Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 2 haftalık-18 aylık bebeği olan 200 annenin dâhil edildiği, Kasım 2020 ile Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte bir anket çalışmasıdır. Çalışma anketi Edinburgh Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve sosyodemografik bilgi formu soruları olmak üzere 55 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın konusu ve kapsamı hakkında katılımcılara bilgi verildikten ve onamları alındıktan sonra, hazırlanan çalışma formu yüz yüze soru cevap tekniğiyle 10-15 dakika süre zarfında uygulandı. İstatistiksel analiz yapılırken Pearson Korelasyon Testi Ki-Kare Testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. P<0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan annelerin yaşları 18 ve 45 yaşları arasında olup ortalama yaş 28,25±6,15 olarak saptanmıştır. Evlenme yaşına bakıldığında 13-40 yaş arasında değişmekte olup ortalama evlenme yaşı 20,15±3,66 olarak bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların öğrenim durumuna bakıldığında % 23,5'i(n:47) okur-yazar değil, %30,5'i(n:61) ilkokul, %18'i(n:36) ortaokul, %14,5'i(n:29) lise ve %13,5'i yüksekokul/üniversite mezunu olduğu saptanmış olup bu annelerin %92,5'i(n:184) çalışmamaktadır. Çalışmaya katılan annelerin %35,5'inde (n:71) EDSDÖ puanına göre PPD varlığı saptanmıştır. Evlenme yaşı, çocuk sayısı, sağlık güvencesi, evde eş ve çocuk dışında yaşayanın olması ve bundan memnuniyet, bebek bakımında kendini yeterli hissetme ve evlilikten memnuniyet ile PPD arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. ÇBASDÖ ve EDSDÖ karşılaştırıldığında ÇBASDÖ puanı arttıkça EDSDÖ puanının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada postpartum depresyon oranı yüksek bulunmuş ve risk etmenleri tespit edilmiştir. Aile hekimlerine başvuran gebelere doğumda ve doğum sonrası dönemde yaşanabilecek durumlar anlatılmalı, bebek bakımı ve bebeği emzirme konusunda anne adayları bilgilendirilmelidir. Böylece annenin doğum sonrası döneme kendini hazır hissetmesi sağlanarak postpartum depresyon risk faktörleri azaltılabilir.
Postpartum depression is a disorder that negatively affects the health of the mother, baby, family, and society. Postpartum depression is often underdiagnosed and overlooked. Many women living in this period feel guilty and hide the symptoms because they experience depressive feelings during the best moments of their lives. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of depression, risk factors, and social support levels in mothers in the postpartum period, to make an early diagnosis, and to increase the support given to mothers with postpartum depression by family physicians. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey study conducted between November 2020 and February 2021, including 200 mothers with a 2-week-old-18-month-old baby who applied to Family Medicine and Child Health and Diseases Polyclinics of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center. The survey form consists of 55 questions, including Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and sociodemographic information form. After the participants were informed about the subject and scope of the study and their consent was obtained, the survey form was applied in 10-15 minutes with face-to-face question and answer technique. Pearson Correlation Test, Chi-Square Test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 value was used as statistically significant. Results: Ages of the mothers participating in the study were between 18 and 45 years, and the mean age was 28.25±6.15 years. Considering the age at marriage, it varies between 13-40 years, and the mean age at marriage was found to be 20.15±3.66. Considering the educational status of the participants, 23.5% (n:47) are illiterate, 30.5% (n:61) primary school, 18% (n:36) secondary school, 14.5% (n:29) were high school graduates and 13.5% were college/university graduates, and 92.5% (n:184) of these mothers were unemployed. The presence of PPD was found in 35.5% (n:71) of the mothers who participated in the study according to the EPDS score. A significant relationship was found between the age at marriage, the number of children, health insurance, having a spouse and children at home, and satisfaction with it, feeling competent in baby care, and satisfaction with marriage and PPD. When MSPSS and EPDS were compared, it was found that as MSPSS scores increased, EPDS scores decreased. Conclusion: In this study, the rate of postpartum depression was found to be high and risk factors were determined. Pregnant women who apply to family physicians should be told about the conditions that may be experienced during delivery and postpartum period, and expectant mothers should be informed about baby care and breastfeeding. Thus, postpartum depression risk factors can be reduced by making the mother feel ready for the postpartum period.
Postpartum depression is a disorder that negatively affects the health of the mother, baby, family, and society. Postpartum depression is often underdiagnosed and overlooked. Many women living in this period feel guilty and hide the symptoms because they experience depressive feelings during the best moments of their lives. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of depression, risk factors, and social support levels in mothers in the postpartum period, to make an early diagnosis, and to increase the support given to mothers with postpartum depression by family physicians. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey study conducted between November 2020 and February 2021, including 200 mothers with a 2-week-old-18-month-old baby who applied to Family Medicine and Child Health and Diseases Polyclinics of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center. The survey form consists of 55 questions, including Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and sociodemographic information form. After the participants were informed about the subject and scope of the study and their consent was obtained, the survey form was applied in 10-15 minutes with face-to-face question and answer technique. Pearson Correlation Test, Chi-Square Test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 value was used as statistically significant. Results: Ages of the mothers participating in the study were between 18 and 45 years, and the mean age was 28.25±6.15 years. Considering the age at marriage, it varies between 13-40 years, and the mean age at marriage was found to be 20.15±3.66. Considering the educational status of the participants, 23.5% (n:47) are illiterate, 30.5% (n:61) primary school, 18% (n:36) secondary school, 14.5% (n:29) were high school graduates and 13.5% were college/university graduates, and 92.5% (n:184) of these mothers were unemployed. The presence of PPD was found in 35.5% (n:71) of the mothers who participated in the study according to the EPDS score. A significant relationship was found between the age at marriage, the number of children, health insurance, having a spouse and children at home, and satisfaction with it, feeling competent in baby care, and satisfaction with marriage and PPD. When MSPSS and EPDS were compared, it was found that as MSPSS scores increased, EPDS scores decreased. Conclusion: In this study, the rate of postpartum depression was found to be high and risk factors were determined. Pregnant women who apply to family physicians should be told about the conditions that may be experienced during delivery and postpartum period, and expectant mothers should be informed about baby care and breastfeeding. Thus, postpartum depression risk factors can be reduced by making the mother feel ready for the postpartum period.
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Aile Hekimliği, Anneler, Depresyon, Doğum, Gebelik, Postpartum dönem, Risk faktörleri, Sosyal destek, Van, Ölçekler, Family Medicine, Mothers, Depression, Delivery, Pregnancy, Postpartum period, Risk factors, Social support, Van, Scales
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