Determination of the Phenological, Pomological and Morphological Characteristics of Different Mulbery Species (m. Alba, M. Nigra Ve M. Rubra) Grown in Center District of Batman Province

Abstract

Bu çalışma BATMAN merkez ilçede yetiştiriciliği yapılan Morus alba, Morus nigra ve Morus rubra dut türlerine ait genotiplerin bazı fenolojik, pomolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2017-2018 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Fenolojik özellikleri açısından; tomurcuk patlama zamanı 5-15 Mart, ilk çiçeklenme 20-28 Mart, tam çiçeklenme 13-30 Nisan, hasat başlangıç zamanı 25 Nisan-18 Mayıs, hasat sonu 28 Haziran-10 Ağustos, tam çiçeklenmeden hasada kadar geçen gün sayısı 85-100 ve yaprak dökümü 10-20 Aralık olarak kaydedilmiştir. Pomolojik özellikleri açısından; meyve çapı 10.17-20.96 mm, boyu 13.30-32.60 mm, meyve sap kalınlığı 0.98-1.69 mm, sap uzunluğu 3.50-23.30 mm, meyve hacmi 8-40 ml, meyve yoğunluğu 0.45-1.40 g/ml, meyve ağırlığı 0.54-4.09 g, TA (Sitrik asit olarak) 0.27-1.11 g/100 ml, SÇKM %14.10-21.87 ve pH 4.79-7.76 olarak belirlenmiştir. Morfolojik özellikleri ise şu değerler arasındadır; ağacın tahmini yaşı 5-100 yıl, gövde yüksekliği 1.5-4 m, gövde kalınlığı 35-210 cm, taç yüksekliği 4-15 m, taç genişliği 4-12 m, sürgün uzunluğu 8.90-18.40 cm, sürgün kalınlığı 1.87-4.77 mm, yaprak eni 3.91-11.69 cm, yaprak boyu 6.63-15.90 cm, yaprak kalınlığı 0.28-0.53 mm, yaprak sap uzunluğu 2.28-4.80 cm ve yaprak sap kalınlığı 1.39-2.98 mm arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Batman, Fenolojik, Pomolojik, Morfolojik.

The aim of this study, carried out between 2017-2018, is to determine some phenological, pomological and morphological characteristics of the genotypes of Morus alba, Morus nigra and Morus rubra mulberry species grown in the central district of BATMAN. In terms of phenomic characteristics; their bud burst time was recorded as 5-15 March, and first flowering was 20-28 March, while full bloom was 13-30 April, and the start time of harvest was determined to be 25 April-18 May, in addition, the end of harvest was 28 June-10 August. The number of days lasting from full flowering till harvest was 85 -100 and the time of defoliation was recorded as 10-20 December. Concerning Pomological characteristics; fruit diameter was 10.17-20.96 mm, and length was 13.30-32.60 mm whereas fruit stalk thickness was 0.98-1.69 mm and stem length was 3.50-23.30 mm. Moreover, fruit volume was 8-40 ml, fruit density was 0.45-1.40 g/ml, and fruit weight was 0.54-4.09 g. TA (as citric acid) was also determined to be 0.27-1.11 g/100 ml, while TSSC was found to be %14.10-21.87 and PH was 4.79-7.76. As for morphological characteristics, values were as the following; the tree's estimated age was found to be 5-100 years, body height to be 1.5-4 m, body thickness to be 35-210 cm, and crown height to be 4-15 m. And crown width was determined to be 4-12 m, whereas shoot length was 8.90-18.40 cm, shoot thickness was 1.87-4.77 mm, and leaf width was 3.91-11.69 cm. On the other hand, leaf length was 6.63-15.90 cm, leaf thickness was 0.28-0.53 mm, leaf stem length was 2.28-4.80 cm and leaf shank thickness 1.39-2.98 mm. Keywords: Batman, Phenological, Pomological, Morphological.