Relationship Between Public Expenditures and Economic Growth: a Comparative Analysis for Developed and Developing Countries
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2025
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Bu çalışma, kamu harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmekte ve harcama türleri ile ülke gruplarına göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Korelasyon analizleri, gelişmiş ülkelerde sağlık ve toplam kamu harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise benzer şekilde sağlık, tüketim ve toplam kamu harcamalarının büyümeyi olumsuz etkilediğini göstermiştir. Yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve homojenlik testleri, ülkeler arasında ortak şoklara duyarlılığı ve gelişmiş ülkelerde politika etkilerinin daha heterojen olduğunu ortaya koyarken, ikinci kuşak birim kök testleri ile Westerlund panel eşbütünleşme testleri, kamu harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli ilişkilerin varlığını teyit etmiştir. CCE yöntemi ile yapılan tahminler, kamu harcamalarının etkisinin ülkelere göre değişkenlik gösterdiğini; gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise bu etkinin genellikle negatif olduğunu göstermektedir. Granger nedensellik analizleri ise kamu harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koyarak, büyümenin özellikle sağlık ve savunma harcamalarını yönlendirdiğini işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, kamu harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri bağlamında, ülke bazlı hedefli politikalar geliştirilmesi, harcama kompozisyonuna dikkat edilmesi ve özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde mali disiplin ile kurumsal kapasitenin güçlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the impact of public expenditures on economic growth within the context of developed and developing countries, revealing significant variations contingent upon expenditure types and country classifications. Correlation analyses indicate a negative relationship between health and total public expenditures and economic growth in developed economies. Conversely, in developing economies, health, consumption, and total public expenditures similarly demonstrate a detrimental effect on growth. Horizontal cross-sectional dependency and homogeneity tests underscore the susceptibility of nations to common shocks and the heightened heterogeneity of policy impacts within developed countries. Utilizing second-generation unit root tests and Westerlund panel cointegration tests, the existence of long-term relationships between public expenditures and economic growth is confirmed. Estimations derived from the Common Correlated Effects (CCE) method suggest that the influence of public expenditures varies across nations, with a predominantly negative effect observed in developing economies. Granger causality analyses delineate a bidirectional relationship between public expenditures and economic growth, elucidating that growth specifically influences health and defense expenditures. Consequently, this study advocates for the development of country-specific, targeted policies, with a meticulous consideration of expenditure composition, and the reinforcement of fiscal discipline and institutional capacity, particularly within developing economies, in the purview of public expenditures' effects on economic growth.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the impact of public expenditures on economic growth within the context of developed and developing countries, revealing significant variations contingent upon expenditure types and country classifications. Correlation analyses indicate a negative relationship between health and total public expenditures and economic growth in developed economies. Conversely, in developing economies, health, consumption, and total public expenditures similarly demonstrate a detrimental effect on growth. Horizontal cross-sectional dependency and homogeneity tests underscore the susceptibility of nations to common shocks and the heightened heterogeneity of policy impacts within developed countries. Utilizing second-generation unit root tests and Westerlund panel cointegration tests, the existence of long-term relationships between public expenditures and economic growth is confirmed. Estimations derived from the Common Correlated Effects (CCE) method suggest that the influence of public expenditures varies across nations, with a predominantly negative effect observed in developing economies. Granger causality analyses delineate a bidirectional relationship between public expenditures and economic growth, elucidating that growth specifically influences health and defense expenditures. Consequently, this study advocates for the development of country-specific, targeted policies, with a meticulous consideration of expenditure composition, and the reinforcement of fiscal discipline and institutional capacity, particularly within developing economies, in the purview of public expenditures' effects on economic growth.
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Ekonomi, Economics
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109