The Characterization of Nanomaterials Made With Various Oils and Their Use in Diet Cookie Production
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2022
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Bu çalışmada; çörekotu, hindistan cevizi, susam ve üzüm çekirdeği yağları kullanılarak boyutları 169.81-363.40 nm arasında değişen nanoemülsiyonlar elde edilmiş, nanoemülsiyonların karakterizasyonu yapılmış ve bisküvi üretiminde yağ ikame maddesi olarak kullanım olanağı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucu elde edilen verilere göre; % 50 oranında yağı azaltılan ve yerine 2 gram kadar nano boyutta yağ eklenen bisküvilerin enerji değeri kontrol bisküvilerine göre % 8.6 ile 12.82 arasında düşürülmüştür. Nanoemülsiyonların yağ yerine kullanılması ile kontrol bisküvilerine göre sertlik miktarı daha az, yayılma oranı daha yüksek bisküviler elde edilmiştir. Bisküvilerin yayılma oranı değerleri 5.18 ile 7.84 arasında değişmiştir. Nanoemülsiyon ilave edilerek üretilen bisküvilerin yayılma oranının, kontrol bisküvilerinin yayılma oranına göre yaklaşık % 36 ile 51 arasında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Doymuş yağ miktarı, kontrol bisküvilerine kıyasla nanoemülsiyon içeren bisküvilerde % 9.40 ile % 44.29 oranı arasında düşürülmüştür. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre bisküvilerin duyusal özellikleri tam yağlı kontrol bisküvisine benzer çıkmış ve bisküvilerde yağın azaltıldığının panelistler tarafından anlaşılmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile nanoemülsiyonlarda bulunan ve yüzey alanı genişletilmiş yağ nedeniyle, nanoemülsiyonların bisküvi kalitesi üzerinde olumsuz etki oluşturmadan yağ ikame maddesi olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
In this study; nanoemulsions ranging in size from 169.81-363.40 nm were obtained by using black cumin, coconut, sesame, and grape seed oils, the nanoemulsions were characterized and the possibility of using as a fat substitute in cookie production was investigated. According to the data obtained as a result of the study; the energy value of the cookies, whose fat was reduced by 50% and 2 g of nano-sized oil was added instead, was reduced between 8.6 and 12.82% compared to the control cookies. By using nanoemulsions instead of fat, cookies having less hardness value and higher spread ratio were obtained compared to control cookies. Spread ratio values of cookies varied between 5.18 and 7.84. It was determined that the spread ratio of the cookies produced by adding nanoemulsion increased between 36 and 51% compared to the control cookies. The amount of saturated fat was reduced between 9.40% and 44.29% in the cookies containing nanoemulsion. According to the sensory analysis results, the sensory properties of the cookies were similar to the full-fat control cookies and it was determined that the panelists did not understand the fat reduction in the cookies. With this study, it was concluded that nanoemulsions can be used as a fat replacer without adversely affecting the quality of cookies, due to the expanded surface area of nanoemulsions.
In this study; nanoemulsions ranging in size from 169.81-363.40 nm were obtained by using black cumin, coconut, sesame, and grape seed oils, the nanoemulsions were characterized and the possibility of using as a fat substitute in cookie production was investigated. According to the data obtained as a result of the study; the energy value of the cookies, whose fat was reduced by 50% and 2 g of nano-sized oil was added instead, was reduced between 8.6 and 12.82% compared to the control cookies. By using nanoemulsions instead of fat, cookies having less hardness value and higher spread ratio were obtained compared to control cookies. Spread ratio values of cookies varied between 5.18 and 7.84. It was determined that the spread ratio of the cookies produced by adding nanoemulsion increased between 36 and 51% compared to the control cookies. The amount of saturated fat was reduced between 9.40% and 44.29% in the cookies containing nanoemulsion. According to the sensory analysis results, the sensory properties of the cookies were similar to the full-fat control cookies and it was determined that the panelists did not understand the fat reduction in the cookies. With this study, it was concluded that nanoemulsions can be used as a fat replacer without adversely affecting the quality of cookies, due to the expanded surface area of nanoemulsions.
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Gıda Mühendisliği, Diyetetik gıdalar, Nanoemülsiyon, Nanoteknoloji, Food Engineering, Dietetic foods, Nanoemulsion, Nanotechnology
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