Investigation of the Levels of Knowledge and Awareness of Physicians Working in Family Health Centers in Van Province and Family Medicine Assistants of Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine About Autism Spectrum Disorders
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2025
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Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışma ile Van ilindeki aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan hekimlerin ve Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi (YYÜ) Tıp Fakültesi aile hekimliği asistanlarının, OSB'ye (Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu) yönelik genel tutumlarını belirlemek, OSB hakkındaki bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerini inceleyerek arttırmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çocukları sadece fiziksel olarak değil; bilişsel, sosyal ve duygusal açıdan değerlendirmenin önemine dikkat çekmek hedeflenmektedir. OSB tanılı çocukların ailelerine gerekli bilgilendirme ve yönlendirmelerin yapılmasını sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte bir anket çalışmasıdır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, sosyodemografik veri formu ile Sağlık Çalışanlarının Çocukluk Çağı Otizmi Hakkında Bilgi Anketi oluşturulmuş; bu anket, sanal ortamda, Van ilindeki aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan hekimlere ve Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi aile hekimliği asistanlarından oluşan 183 gönüllüye, 01.10.2024-15.11.2024 tarihleri arasında uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler MS Excel ve SPSS (ver. 27) paket programları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Kategorik değişkenler için tanımlayıcı istatistikler verilmiş, analizlerde bağımsız örneklem t testi ve Oneway ANOVA testleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlılık sınırı %5 (p<0.05) kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamında 183 katılımcıdan elde edilen sonuçlar irdelenmiş ve katılımcıların minimum puanının 7, maksimum puanının 19 ve ortalama puanının ise 13.781 olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların cinsiyeti, medeni durumu, çocuk sahibi olup olmaması, yaşı, meslekte çalışma süresi ve aile hekimliğinde çalışma süresi, tıp fakültesi eğitim sürecinde çocuk psikiyatrisi stajı alıp almaması, aile hekimliği asistanlığı sürecinde çocuk psikiyatrisi rotasyonuna gidip gitmemesi durumlarına göre otizm hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinde anlamlı şekilde farklılaşma görülmemiş (p>0.05); buna karşın katılımcıların görev türü, otizm hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini tanımlama şekilleri, otizm tanısı almış bir çocuğun değerlendirme sürecinde yer alma, otizm tanısı almış bir çocuğa sahip olma, çevresinde otizm tanısı almış bir bireyin varlığı, aile hekimliği asistanlığı sürecinde meslek içi eğitim programları içerisinde otizmle ilgili eğitim alma, Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın yürüttüğü 'Otizm Tarama ve Takip Programı' hakkında bilgi sahibi olma durumlarına göre otizm hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklar gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Katılımcıların OSB hakkındaki bilgi ve farkındalıklarını değerlendiren ölçekten aldıkları puan ortalaması 13.781 çıkmıştır. Buna göre katılımcılar, sorulara ortalama %72.5 oranında doğru yanıt vermiştir. Bu oranın %50'nin üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Fakat OSB'li bireyle karşılaşma ihtimali çok yüksek olan aile hekimleri için bu oranın daha yüksek olması beklenir. Bu nedenle aile hekimlerinin otizm hakkındaki yetersiz bilgi ve farkındalıklarının nedenlerinin anlaşılması ve bu yetersizliğin giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Özellikle otizm konusunda daha önce eğitim almış hekimlerin, OSB konusundaki bilgilerinin diğer gruplardan anlamlı derecede yüksek olması otizm hakkındaki eğitim ve uygulamaların önemini göstermiştir. Tıp fakültesi ve mezuniyet sonrası eğitimlerle, aile hekimlerinin OSB konusunda sahip olması gereken bilgi düzeyine ulaştırılması ve muayenede bütüncül yaklaşımın öneminin gösterilmesi sağlanmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm, Otizm Farkındalığı, Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu, Aile Hekimliği
Introduction and purpose: This study aims to determine the general attitudes of physicians working in family health centers in Van province and the family medicine assistants of Yüzüncü Yıl University (YYU) Faculty of Medicine towards ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and to increase their knowledge and awareness levels about ASD by examining them. It is aimed to draw attention to the importance of evaluating children not only physically but also cognitively, socially and emotionally. It is aimed to ensure that the necessary information and guidance are provided to the families of children diagnosed with ASD. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional survey study. As a result of the literature review, a sociodemographic data form and a Healthcare Workers' Knowledge Survey on Childhood Autism were created; this survey was applied to 183 volunteers, consisting of physicians working in family health centers in Van province and Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine family medicine assistants, in a virtual environment between 01.10.2024 and 15.11.2024. Statistical analyses were performed using MS Excel and SPSS (ver. 27) package programs. Descriptive statistics were given for categorical variables, and independent sample t-test and Oneway ANOVA tests were used in the analyses. The statistical significance limit was accepted as 5% (p<0.05). Results: The results obtained from 183 participants were examined within the scope of the study and it was seen that the minimum score of the participants was 7, the maximum score was 19 and the average score was 13.781. No significant difference was observed in the knowledge levels of the participants about autism according to their gender, marital status, whether they have children, age, length of time working in the profession and working in family medicine, whether they had a child psychiatry internship during their medical school education, whether they had a child psychiatry rotation during their family medicine assistantship (p>0.05); however, significant differences were observed between the knowledge levels of the participants about autism according to their type of duty, how they defined their knowledge levels about autism, taking part in the evaluation process of a child diagnosed with autism, having a child diagnosed with autism, having an individual diagnosed with autism in their environment, receiving training about autism within the in-service training programs during their family medicine assistantship, and having information about the 'Autism Screening and Follow-up Program' conducted by the Ministry of Health (p<0.05). Conclusion: The average score that participants received from the scale assessing their knowledge and awareness about ASD was 13.781. Accordingly, the participants answered the questions correctly at an average rate of 72.5%. It was observed that this rate was over 50%. However, this rate should be higher for family physicians who are likely to encounter individuals with ASD. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the reasons for family physicians' insufficient knowledge and awareness about autism and to eliminate this deficiency. The fact that physicians, especially those who have previously received training on autism, have significantly higher knowledge about ASD than other groups shows the importance of education and practices on autism. Through medical school and post-graduate training, family physicians should be provided with the required level of knowledge about ASD and the importance of a holistic approach in examination should be demonstrated. Keywords: Autism, Autism Awareness, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Family Medicine
Introduction and purpose: This study aims to determine the general attitudes of physicians working in family health centers in Van province and the family medicine assistants of Yüzüncü Yıl University (YYU) Faculty of Medicine towards ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and to increase their knowledge and awareness levels about ASD by examining them. It is aimed to draw attention to the importance of evaluating children not only physically but also cognitively, socially and emotionally. It is aimed to ensure that the necessary information and guidance are provided to the families of children diagnosed with ASD. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional survey study. As a result of the literature review, a sociodemographic data form and a Healthcare Workers' Knowledge Survey on Childhood Autism were created; this survey was applied to 183 volunteers, consisting of physicians working in family health centers in Van province and Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine family medicine assistants, in a virtual environment between 01.10.2024 and 15.11.2024. Statistical analyses were performed using MS Excel and SPSS (ver. 27) package programs. Descriptive statistics were given for categorical variables, and independent sample t-test and Oneway ANOVA tests were used in the analyses. The statistical significance limit was accepted as 5% (p<0.05). Results: The results obtained from 183 participants were examined within the scope of the study and it was seen that the minimum score of the participants was 7, the maximum score was 19 and the average score was 13.781. No significant difference was observed in the knowledge levels of the participants about autism according to their gender, marital status, whether they have children, age, length of time working in the profession and working in family medicine, whether they had a child psychiatry internship during their medical school education, whether they had a child psychiatry rotation during their family medicine assistantship (p>0.05); however, significant differences were observed between the knowledge levels of the participants about autism according to their type of duty, how they defined their knowledge levels about autism, taking part in the evaluation process of a child diagnosed with autism, having a child diagnosed with autism, having an individual diagnosed with autism in their environment, receiving training about autism within the in-service training programs during their family medicine assistantship, and having information about the 'Autism Screening and Follow-up Program' conducted by the Ministry of Health (p<0.05). Conclusion: The average score that participants received from the scale assessing their knowledge and awareness about ASD was 13.781. Accordingly, the participants answered the questions correctly at an average rate of 72.5%. It was observed that this rate was over 50%. However, this rate should be higher for family physicians who are likely to encounter individuals with ASD. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the reasons for family physicians' insufficient knowledge and awareness about autism and to eliminate this deficiency. The fact that physicians, especially those who have previously received training on autism, have significantly higher knowledge about ASD than other groups shows the importance of education and practices on autism. Through medical school and post-graduate training, family physicians should be provided with the required level of knowledge about ASD and the importance of a holistic approach in examination should be demonstrated. Keywords: Autism, Autism Awareness, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Family Medicine
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Aile Hekimliği, Family Medicine
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54