Bio-Nanomaterials: the Next-Generation Weapon Against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Commercial Crops

Abstract

Bio-nanomaterials are garnering attention in the agricultural sector due to their unique properties and potential applications. Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPNs) rank among the most destructive agricultural pests, causing significant yield losses across various crops. The lack of plant resistance to most PPN species, coupled with environmental restrictions on chemical nematicides, has necessitated the quest for more sustainable and eco-friendly disease control measures. As a result, bio-nanomaterials have emerged as an effective, economical, and safe alternative to conventional chemical nematocides. Many plants possess secondary metabolisms that produce nematocidal compounds belonging to various chemical classes, mainly functioning as defence mechanisms against predators, pests, and pathogens. The synthesis of nanoparticles using environmentally benign biological methods offers a consistent, non-toxic, and eco-friendly approach for plant pathogen management, owing to their potent antimicrobial properties. Numerous bio-nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and polymer-based nanoparticles, exhibit promise for nematode management. Bio-nanomaterials operate through various mechanisms of action, such as physicochemical interactions, oxidative stress, and disruption of cellular processes. The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the potential of bio-nanomaterials in managing plant parasitic nematodes, one of the most formidable agricultural pests. The utilization of bio-nanomaterials for nematode management holds the potential for sustainable development and a better future for food security by providing innovative tools for sustainable nematode control and contributing to the development of environmentally friendly agricultural practices. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.