Imamete Adn Imams in the Thought of Ali Shariati
Abstract
ÖZET Ali Şerîatî (1933-1977) İran asıllı bir sosyolog, aktivist ve günümüz İslâm Mezhepler Tarihi açısından önemli bir fikir adamıdır. Şerîatî, çalışmalarını özellikle Sosyoloji ve Dinler Tarihi alanında yoğunlaştırmıştır. Onun fikirleri hem İran hem de Türkiye gibi diğer İslâm ülkelerindeki İslâmi çevreler üzerinde oldukça etkili olmuştur. Günümüzde İran, İmâmiyye Şîası'nın merkezi konumunda olduğu gibi aynı zamanda İran'ın resmi mezhebidir. İmâmiyye Şîası'nın merkezidir. Bu yüzden kendisine yöneltilen eleştiriler bakımından oldukça kapalıdır. Budan dolayı muhalif kişiler, fikirlerini açıkladıkları zaman tutuklanmalara ve ölümlere maruz kalabilmektedirler. Şerîatî, İranlı Şîî bir aileden gelmesine rağmen İran merkezli İmâmiyye Şîası'na sert eleştiriler yöneltmiştir. Bu yüzden Sünnîlikle itham edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda da önce sürgün edilmiş daha sonra da hapsedilmiştir. 1977 yılında İngiltere'de kaldığı odada ölü bulunmuştur. İran istihbarat örgütü olan Savak tarafından suikaste uğradığına inanılır. Fikirleri İran dışında da ilgi görmüştür. Bundan dolayı fikirleri çağdaş İslâm akımları açısından da önemlidir. Şerîatî, Şîa İmâmet anlayışına farklı bir bakış açısı geliştirmiştir. Çalışmamızda Şerîatî'nin İmâmet ve imamlara bakış açısı ele alınmakla birlikte bu konuyla bağlantılı olan diğer dini meselelere de değinmeye çalıştık. Şerîatî, yaşadığı dönemde özellikle İran'ın için de bulunduğu sosyal ve toplumsal konuları anlaya bilmek açısından İmâmiyye Şerîatî İmâmiyye Şîası'nı da tarihi açıdan iyi bilmek gerekir. Bu yüzden İmâmiyye Şîası'na genel hatlarıyla değinmeye çalıştık. İmâmiyye Şîası'nı; Safevi Şîası ve Ali Şîası olarak isimlendirmiştir. Kendi Şîa anlayışını gerçek Şîa olarak kabul ettiği Ali Şîası olarak isimlendirmiştir. Biz de çalışmamızda isimlendirmeleri bu şekilde yapıp mukayeseli bir şekilde konuları incelemeye çalıştık. Şerîatî hakkında yazılan tezlere baktığımız zaman Şîîliğe yönelik açılım arayışları ve Şîîliğe bakış açısını ele alan tezler yazıldığını gördük. İmâmet ve İmamlar konusunda yapılan bir teze rastlamadığımız için bu konu üzerinde çalışmamızı yoğunlaştırdık
Ali Shariati (1933-1977) is a sociologist, activist and an important thinker of Iranian origin in terms of today's History of Islamic Sects. Shariati concentrated his studies especially on Sociology and History of Religions. His ideas have been very influential on Islamic circles in other Islamic countries such as Iran and Turkey. Today, Iran is the center of Imamiyya Shia and is also the official sect of Iran. It is the center of Imamiyya Shia. For this reason, he is quite closed in terms of criticism directed at him. For this reason, oppositionists may be subject to arrest and death when they express their opinions. Although Shariati came from an Iranian Shiite family, he criticized Iran-based Imamiyya Shiites harshly. That's why he was accused of being a Sunnist. As a result, he was first exiled and then imprisoned. He was found dead in his room in England in 1977. It is believed that he was assassinated by Savak, the Iranian intelligence agency. His ideas have also attracted attention outside Iran. Therefore, his ideas are also important for contemporary Islamic movements. Shariati developed a different perspective on the understanding of Shia Imamate. In our study, although Shariati's perspective on the Imamate and imams is discussed, we also tried to touch upon other religious issues related to this subject. Shariati, in order to understand the social and communal issues that Iran was involved in during the period he lived, it is necessary to know the Imamiyya Shariati Imamiyya Shia well from a historical perspective. Therefore, we tried to touch upon the Imamiyya Shia in general terms. He named the Imamiyya Shia as Safavid Shia and Ali Shia. He named his own understanding of Shia as Ali Shia, which he accepted as the real Shia. In our study, we tried to make the names in this way and examine the subjects in a comparative way. When we looked at the theses written about Shariati, we saw that theses were written that addressed the search for an opening towards Shiism and the perspective on Shiism. Since we did not come across a thesis on the Imamate and Imams, we concentrated our study on this subject
Ali Shariati (1933-1977) is a sociologist, activist and an important thinker of Iranian origin in terms of today's History of Islamic Sects. Shariati concentrated his studies especially on Sociology and History of Religions. His ideas have been very influential on Islamic circles in other Islamic countries such as Iran and Turkey. Today, Iran is the center of Imamiyya Shia and is also the official sect of Iran. It is the center of Imamiyya Shia. For this reason, he is quite closed in terms of criticism directed at him. For this reason, oppositionists may be subject to arrest and death when they express their opinions. Although Shariati came from an Iranian Shiite family, he criticized Iran-based Imamiyya Shiites harshly. That's why he was accused of being a Sunnist. As a result, he was first exiled and then imprisoned. He was found dead in his room in England in 1977. It is believed that he was assassinated by Savak, the Iranian intelligence agency. His ideas have also attracted attention outside Iran. Therefore, his ideas are also important for contemporary Islamic movements. Shariati developed a different perspective on the understanding of Shia Imamate. In our study, although Shariati's perspective on the Imamate and imams is discussed, we also tried to touch upon other religious issues related to this subject. Shariati, in order to understand the social and communal issues that Iran was involved in during the period he lived, it is necessary to know the Imamiyya Shariati Imamiyya Shia well from a historical perspective. Therefore, we tried to touch upon the Imamiyya Shia in general terms. He named the Imamiyya Shia as Safavid Shia and Ali Shia. He named his own understanding of Shia as Ali Shia, which he accepted as the real Shia. In our study, we tried to make the names in this way and examine the subjects in a comparative way. When we looked at the theses written about Shariati, we saw that theses were written that addressed the search for an opening towards Shiism and the perspective on Shiism. Since we did not come across a thesis on the Imamate and Imams, we concentrated our study on this subject
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