Examining the Effect of the Midfulness Focused Self-Compassion Program on the Self-Compassion, Co-Dependency, Interoceptive Awareness and Sleep Quality Levels of University Students
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı Bilinçli Farkındalık Odaklı Öz-Şefkat Programının üniversite öğrencilerinin öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık, uyku kalitesi ve eş bağımlılık düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Programın etkililiğini test etmek için ön-test, son-test, izleme testli ve deney-kontrol gruplu desen kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan 2x3'lük split-plot desende, birinci faktör işlem gruplarını (bir deney, bir kontrol); ikinci faktör ise bağımlı değişkene ilişkin ölçümleri (ön-test, son-test, izleme testi) göstermektedir. Araştırma modelinde bir bağımsız; dört bağımlı değişken bulunmaktadır. Araştırmanın bağımsız değişkeni 'Bilinçli Farkındalık Odaklı Öz-Şefkat Programı'; bağımlı değişkenleri ise öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık, uyku kalitesi ve eş bağımlılık düzeyleridir. Araştırmada Çok Boyutlu Bedensel Farkındalık Değerlendirmesi-II Ölçeği, Öz-Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Eş Bağımlılık Belirleme Ölçeği ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Terapi ve Rehabilitasyon bölümünde eğitim alan 151 gönüllü öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubuna geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılan ölçekler uygulanmış ve Öz-Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formundan grup ortalamasının altında puan alan 50 öğrenci araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Programa katılmak isteyen öğrenciler arasından 30 öğrenci deney (15) ve kontrol grubuna (15) seçkisiz atanmıştır. Deney grubuna Bilinçli Farkındalık Odaklı Öz-Şefkat Programının oturumları 8 hafta boyunca uygulanmış, kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir müdahalede bulunulmamıştır. Program uygulaması sona erdikten 2 ay sonra izleme ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın istatistiksel çözümlemelerinde SPSS 23.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde, deney ve kontrol gruplarının başlangıçtaki puanlarını karşılaştırmak için t-testi, tekrarlı ölçümlerde ise ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, ölçeklerin ön test, son test ve izleme testi puanlarını karşılaştırmak için Post-hoc testlerinden Bonferroni testi kullanılmıştır. Tüm analizlerde kabul edilen hata payı düzeyi 0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Analizlerin sonucuna göre program sonunda deney grubundaki öğrencilerin öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık, uyku kalitesi ve eş bağımlılık düzeylerinin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu ve 2 ay sonra yapılan izleme ölçümlerinde de deney grubunun lehine farklılığın devam ettiği görülmüştür. Deney grubundaki öğrencilerin program sonundaki öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık ve uyku kalitesi düzeyleri program öncesine göre anlamlı olarak yükselmiş, eş bağımlılık düzeyleri ise program öncesine göre anlamlı düzeyde düşmüştür. Yapılan izleme ölçümlerinde, deney grubunun öz-şefkat, uyku kalitesi ve eş bağımlılık düzeylerinin program sonunda yapılan ölçümle benzerlik gösterdiği, interoseptif farkındalık seviyesinin ise son teste göre anlamlı bir şekilde yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, programın sağladığı faydaların sadece program süresiyle sınırlı olmadığını, programın sona erdikten sonra da etkisinin devam ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kontrol grubunda yapılan ölçümlerde ise öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık, uyku kalitesi ve eş bağımlılık ön test, son test ve izleme testi puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Bilinçli Farkındalık Odaklı Öz-Şefkat Programı'nın öz-şefkat, interoseptif farkındalık ve uyku kalitesini artırdığını, aynı zamanda eş bağımlılığı azaltma konusunda da etkili olduğunu açıkça göstermiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: psikoeğitim programı, öz-şefkat, bilinçli farkındalık, interoseptif farkındalık, uyku kalitesi, eş bağımlılık.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program on university students' self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels. A pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design with an experimental-control group was employed to test the effectiveness of the program. The 2x3 split-plot design showed that the first factor represented the treatment groups (one experimental, one control), and the second factor represented the measurements related to the dependent variable (pre-test, post-test, follow-up test). The research model included one independent and four dependent variables. The independent variable of the study was the 'Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program,' and the dependent variables included self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels. Data were collected through the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-II Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, the Codependency Assessment Tool, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The study group consisted of 151 volunteer students enrolled in the Therapy and Rehabilitation Department of Health Services Vocational School at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The study group was administered the scales, for which validity and reliability studies were conducted, and 50 students who scored below the group average in the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form were included in the study. Of all the students who wanted to participate in the program, 30 students were randomly assigned to the experimental (15) and control groups (15). While the experimental group was administered the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program sessions for 8 weeks, the control group was administered no interventions. Follow-up measurements were taken two months after the program ended. SPSS 23.0 was used for the statistical analysis. T-test was used to compare the initial scores of the experimental and control groups, and ANOVA was used for repeated measures. Additionally, the Bonferroni test from post hoc tests was used to compare pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test scores of the scales. The margin of error was accepted as 0.05 for all analyses. Analysis results showed that the self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels of the students in the experimental group were significantly different at the end of the program compared to those in the control group, and this difference in favor of the experimental group continued in the follow-up measurements taken 2 months later. Compared to before the program, experimental group students' self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, and sleep quality levels at the end of the program significantly increased, while their codependency levels significantly decreased. The follow-up measurements in the experimental group showed that while the self-compassion, sleep quality, and codependency were similar to the measurements taken at the end of the program, the level of interoceptive awareness significantly increased compared to the post-test. These results show that the benefits provided by the program are not limited to the duration of the program alone; the effects of the program continued after it ended. The measurements taken in the control group indicated no significant differences between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test scores for self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency. The results of this study indicate that the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program not only increases self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, and sleep quality but is also effective in reducing codependency. Keywords: psychoeducation program, self-compassion, mindfulness, co-dependence, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program on university students' self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels. A pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design with an experimental-control group was employed to test the effectiveness of the program. The 2x3 split-plot design showed that the first factor represented the treatment groups (one experimental, one control), and the second factor represented the measurements related to the dependent variable (pre-test, post-test, follow-up test). The research model included one independent and four dependent variables. The independent variable of the study was the 'Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program,' and the dependent variables included self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels. Data were collected through the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-II Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, the Codependency Assessment Tool, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The study group consisted of 151 volunteer students enrolled in the Therapy and Rehabilitation Department of Health Services Vocational School at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The study group was administered the scales, for which validity and reliability studies were conducted, and 50 students who scored below the group average in the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form were included in the study. Of all the students who wanted to participate in the program, 30 students were randomly assigned to the experimental (15) and control groups (15). While the experimental group was administered the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program sessions for 8 weeks, the control group was administered no interventions. Follow-up measurements were taken two months after the program ended. SPSS 23.0 was used for the statistical analysis. T-test was used to compare the initial scores of the experimental and control groups, and ANOVA was used for repeated measures. Additionally, the Bonferroni test from post hoc tests was used to compare pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test scores of the scales. The margin of error was accepted as 0.05 for all analyses. Analysis results showed that the self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency levels of the students in the experimental group were significantly different at the end of the program compared to those in the control group, and this difference in favor of the experimental group continued in the follow-up measurements taken 2 months later. Compared to before the program, experimental group students' self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, and sleep quality levels at the end of the program significantly increased, while their codependency levels significantly decreased. The follow-up measurements in the experimental group showed that while the self-compassion, sleep quality, and codependency were similar to the measurements taken at the end of the program, the level of interoceptive awareness significantly increased compared to the post-test. These results show that the benefits provided by the program are not limited to the duration of the program alone; the effects of the program continued after it ended. The measurements taken in the control group indicated no significant differences between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test scores for self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality, and codependency. The results of this study indicate that the Mindfulness-Based Self-Compassion Program not only increases self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, and sleep quality but is also effective in reducing codependency. Keywords: psychoeducation program, self-compassion, mindfulness, co-dependence, interoceptive awareness, sleep quality
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Psikoloji, Psychology
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