Pulmoner Hipertansiyonlu Hastalarda Polisomnografi ile Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu Sıklığının Araştırılması
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2010
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Amaç: Pulmoner hipertansiyon (PH), progresif pulmoner vasküler direnç artışı ile giden, sağ ventrikül yetersizliği ve erken ölüme yol açan kronik bir hastalıktır. Sol kalp hastalıkları, Kollajen doku hastalıkları, Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) ve Obstriktif sleep apne sendromu (OSAS) klinikte sıklıkla karşılaşılan sekonder PH nedenleridir. Toplumda çok sık görülen fakat yeterince tanınmayan OSAS, sosyal ve nöropsikolojik sonuçlarının yanı sıra kardiovaskuler sonuçlarıyla da ciddi morbidite ve mortalite kaynağıdır. Çalışmamızda PH'lu hastalarda polisomnografi (PSG) ile OSAS sıklığını araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya PH tanısı olan 56 hasta (35 bayan, 21 erkek) alındı. Hastalar etyolojilerine göre 4 gruba ayrıldı (KOAH, KKY, Skleroderma, açıklanamayan PH). Hastaların antropometrik özelikleri, sigara anamnezi, ekokardiyografik olarak ölçülen pulmoner arter basıncı (PAB), yapılan kan gazı analiz sonuçları ve hematokrit değerleri kaydedildi. Gündüz aşırı uyku halini objektif olarak değerlendirmek amacıyla Epworth Uykululuk Skalası (EUS) kullanıldı. Hastaların hepsine polisomnografi yapıldı.Bulgular: PH'lu hastalarda OSAS oranı 60.7 (34/56) olarak bulundu. Etyolojiler farklı PH gruplarında yapılan polisomnografide KOAH olan grupta %54.5, KKY olan grupta %88.9, skleroderma olan grupta %50, açıklanamayan PH olan grupta %58.3 OSAS tespit edildi. Fakat PH gruplarına göre OSAS oranları açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Horlama ve tanıklı apne olan hastalarda ayrı ayrı olmayanlara göre OSAS görülme sıklığı anlamlı olarak yüksekti ve gündüz aşırı uyku hali olan PH'lu hastaların hepsinde OSAS vardı. OSAS olanlarda boyun çevresi olmayanlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu.Sonuç: Pulmoner hipertansiyonu olan hastalarda, normal topluma göre çok yüksek oranda OSAS bulundu. Bu bulgu PH hastalarında, özelikle etyolojisi açıklanamayan PH hastalarında PH'nun bir nedeni olan ve tedavi edilebilen OSAS tanısı için polisomnografi yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Özellikle boyun çevresi kalın pulmoner hipertansiyonlu hastalar OSAS semptomları yönünden mutlaka sorgulanmalıdır ve majör OSAS semptomu varlığında polisomnografik inceleme mutlaka yapılmalıdır.
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease with progressive elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance that can be result of right ventricular failure and early death. Secondary pulmonary hypertension is caused frequently left-sided heart diseases, connective tissue disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is more common in general population. It causes severe morbidity and mortality with results of cardiovascular, social, and neurophysiologic. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of OSAS in patients with PH by polysomnography.Materials and Methods: Fifty-six (female/male=35/21) patients with PH were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped into four groups according to etiology (COPD, congestive heart failure[CHF], scleroderma, and isolated PH). Anthropometric features, tobacco consumption, estimating pulmonary artery pressure (PAB) by echocardiography, the results of blood gas analysis, and hematocrit levels were recorded for all subjects. We performed Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) to determine excessive daytime sleepiness. All patients were assessed by polysomnography.Results: The frequency of OSAS was found 60.7% (34/56) in patients with PH. It was found as 54.5%, 88.9%, 50%, and 58.3 in patients with COPD, CHF, scleroderma, and isolated PH, respectively. There were no statistical significant differences between groups. The frequency of OSAS in patients with snore and apnea was higher than in patients without snore and apnea. OSAS was found in all of patients with daytime hypersomnolence. The patients with OSAS had higher neck circumference than others.Conclusion: The frequency of OSAS was found quite common in patients with PH than general population. It was shown that polysomnography should be used for OSAS diagnosis in patients with PH, especially PH with obscure etiology. The PH patients with high neck circumference must be questioned about symptoms of OSAS. If major symptoms are found, polysomnographic sleep measures must be done.
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease with progressive elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance that can be result of right ventricular failure and early death. Secondary pulmonary hypertension is caused frequently left-sided heart diseases, connective tissue disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is more common in general population. It causes severe morbidity and mortality with results of cardiovascular, social, and neurophysiologic. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of OSAS in patients with PH by polysomnography.Materials and Methods: Fifty-six (female/male=35/21) patients with PH were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped into four groups according to etiology (COPD, congestive heart failure[CHF], scleroderma, and isolated PH). Anthropometric features, tobacco consumption, estimating pulmonary artery pressure (PAB) by echocardiography, the results of blood gas analysis, and hematocrit levels were recorded for all subjects. We performed Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) to determine excessive daytime sleepiness. All patients were assessed by polysomnography.Results: The frequency of OSAS was found 60.7% (34/56) in patients with PH. It was found as 54.5%, 88.9%, 50%, and 58.3 in patients with COPD, CHF, scleroderma, and isolated PH, respectively. There were no statistical significant differences between groups. The frequency of OSAS in patients with snore and apnea was higher than in patients without snore and apnea. OSAS was found in all of patients with daytime hypersomnolence. The patients with OSAS had higher neck circumference than others.Conclusion: The frequency of OSAS was found quite common in patients with PH than general population. It was shown that polysomnography should be used for OSAS diagnosis in patients with PH, especially PH with obscure etiology. The PH patients with high neck circumference must be questioned about symptoms of OSAS. If major symptoms are found, polysomnographic sleep measures must be done.
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Göğüs Hastalıkları, Hipertansiyon-Pulmoner, Polisomnografi, Uyku Apne Sendromları, Uyku Bozuklukları, Chest Diseases, Hypertension-Pulmonary, Polysomnography, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Disorders
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