Determination of the Water Quality and Water Pollution of Devegeçidi Dam Lake (diyarbakır) and Streams Falling Into the Lake and of Effects on Fish

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Devegeçidi Baraj Gölü ve göle dökülen akarsuların su kalitesini, su kirliliğini ve Devegeçidi Baraj Gölünde yaşayan kefal (Planiliza abu), siraz (Capoeta umbla) ve sazan (Cyprinus carpio) balıklarının kas dokularında ağır metal (Cd, Hg, Pb ve As) birikimlerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Haziran 2021 ve Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında her ay yapılan yerinde ölçümlerde ortalama pH 8.4±0.1, su sıcaklığı 17.4±1.4 C, ÇO 9.6±0.5 mg/L, OD %112.2±7.3, Eİ 442.8±26.1 μS/cm, tuzluluk ‰0.24±0.01, laboratuvar analizlerinde ise ortalama bulanıklık 17.5±2 NTU, Ca 55.24±3.03 mg/L, Mg 21.8±1.6 mg/L, Na 18±1.7 mg/L, CO3 12.6±3.1 mg/L, HCO3 213.5±12.7 mg/L, toplam sertlik 227.6±9.8 mg/L, toplam alkalinite 189±9.1 mg/L, NO3 4.9±0.6 mg/L, NO3-N 1.1±0.1, NO2 0.10±0.02 mg/L, NO2-N 0.03±0.01 mg/L, NH3 1.78±0.4 mg/L, NH3-N 1.5±0.4 mg/L, NH4 1.93±0.5 mg/L, o-PO4 1.014±0.2 mg/L, SO4 40.7±3.2 mg/L, K 7.6±0.8 mg/L, Fe 0.03±0.01 mg/L, Cu 1±0.7 μg/L, Al 2.8±0.8 μg/L, Zn 0.15±0.02 mg/L, Cr 0.003±0.001 mg/L, Mn 0.160±0.03 mg/L, F 0.21±0.02 mg/L, CN 0.001±0.000 μg/L, Mo 0.1±0.03 mg/L, Ni 0.01±0.002 mg/L, Co 0.064±0.01 mg/L, Si 3.8±0.7 mg/L, SiO2 8±1.4 mg/L, KOİ 49.7 mg/L, BOİ5 28 mg/L, AKM 20±2.8 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Baraj gölündeki fosfat, bulanıklık, amonyum değerleri İTASHY parametreleri açısından standartların üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Baraj gölü suyunda cypermethrin YSKYʼgöre Çevresel Koruma Standartları maksimum sınırlar üstünde bulunmasına rağmen TS-266 ve İTASHY mevzuatlarında belirtilen sınır değerlerini aşmadığı belirlenmiştir. AKM TS-266 göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Siraz ve kefal balıklarında bulunan kadmiyum miktarı (Cd) Türk Gıda Kodeksi müsaade ettiği değerlerin üstünde bulunmuştur.

In this study, were carried out water quality and water pollution of Devegeçidi Dam Lake and the streams flowing into the lake and for examining heavy metals accumulation (Cd, Hg, Pb and As) in the muscle tissues of (Planiliza abu, Capoeta umbla and Cyprinus carpio) fish living in Devegeçidi Dam Lake. On-site measurements every month between June 2021 and June 2022 were found as average pH 8.4±0.1, water temperature 17.4±1.4 C, dissolved oxygen 9.6±0.5 mg/L, oxygen saturation %112.2±7.3, EC 442.8±26.1 μS/cm, salinity ‰0.24±0.01, Laboratory analyzes were found as average 17.5±2 NTU, Ca 55.24±3.03 mg/L, Mg 21.8±1.6 mg/L, Na 18±1.7 mg/L, CO3 12.6±3.1 mg/L, HCO3 213.5±12.7 mg/L, total hardness 227.6±9.8 mg/L, total alkalinity 189±9.1 mg/L, NO3 4.9±0.6 mg/L, NO3-N 1.1±0.1, NO2 0.10±0.02 mg/L, NO2-N 0.03±0.01 mg/L, NH3 1.78±0.4 mg/L, NH3-N 1.5±0.4 mg/L, NH4 1.93±0.5 mg/L, o-PO4 1.014±0.2 mg/L, SO4 40.7±3.2 mg/L, K 7.6±0.8 mg/L, Fe 0.03±0.01 mg/L, Cu 1±0.7 μg/L, Al 2.8±0.8 μg/L, Zn 0.15±0.02 mg/L, Cr 0.003±0.001 mg/L, Mn 0.160±0.03 mg/L, F 0.21±0.02 mg/L, CN 0.001±0.000 μg/L, Mo 0.1±0.03 mg/L, Ni 0.01±0.002 mg/L, Co 0.064±0.01 mg/L, Si 3.8±0.7 mg/L, SiO2 8±1.4 mg/L, COD 49.7 mg/L, BOD5 28 mg/L and total suspended solid 20±2.8 mg/L. Phosphate, turbidity and ammonium were determined to be above the standards in terms of ITASHY parameters in the dam lake. Although cypermethrin in the dam water was above the maximum limits of Environmental Protection Standards according to YSKY, it was determined that it did not exceed the limit values specified in TS-266 and ITASHY legislation. Total suspended solid was found to be higher than TS-266. Cadmium (Cd) in Capoeta umbla and Planiliza abu fish was found to be above the values allowed by the Turkish Food Codex.