The Effect of Time on Legal Savings in the Islamic Law of Obligations
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2022
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Ġslâm dini, toplumu günlük hayatında zor durumda bırakacak ve ona ağır gelebilecek Ģeyleri kaldırmayı amaçlamıĢtır. Bu yüzden bazı tasarruflarda zamanın Ģart koĢulmasını gerekli kılmıĢ ve tarafların yapılan alıĢveriĢte zarar görmemesini öngörmüĢtür. Örneğin; selem, icâre, iâre, vekâlet, müdârebe, hıyâr-u Ģart vb. iĢlemler asıl itibarıyla insanın günlük alıĢveriĢlerinde onlara bir külfet, meĢakkat ve zorluk olmaması için meĢru kılınmıĢ birer tasarruftur. Aynı zamanda bu tasarrufların geçerli olabilmesi için her iki tarafın aralarında zamanı belirlemeleri gerekir. ġayet zaman belirlenmemiĢse bu tasarruflar geçersiz olur. Zaman borçlar hukukunda bu kadar önemli olduğu için biz de bu çalıĢmamızda zamanın etkisini 'Ġslâm Borçlar Hukukunda Zamanın Hukukî Tasarruflara Etkisi' baĢlığı altında inceledik. ÇalıĢmamız bir giriĢ ve dört bölümden meydana gelmektedir. GiriĢ bölümünde zamanın önemi, tezin amacı ve yöntemi ele alınmıĢtır. Birinci bölümde, zamanın kavramsal çerçevesi ve zamanla ilgili terimlere değinilmiĢtir. Ġkinci bölümde, Ġslâm hukukunda bulunan süreli ve fevrî muameleler ve zamanın bu muamelelere olan etkisine değinilmiĢtir. Üçüncü bölümde, tarafların karĢılıklı borçlanmaları durumunda zaman açısından bu muamelelerin nasıl bir hüküm aldığı incelenmiĢtir. Dördüncü bölümde ise taraflar zaman hususunda ihtilâfa düĢtüklerinde nasıl bir yol izlenileceğine dair hükümlere değinilmiĢ olup zamanın hangi hallerde sakıt olduğu hususlar fakihlerin görüĢleri bağlamında ele alınmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmamızda ortaya çıkan sonuçlara bakıldığında, Ġslâm borçlar hukukunda zamanın önemi ve muamelelere olan etkisi açık bir Ģekilde anlaĢılmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Ġslâm Hukuku, Borçlar Hukuku, Hukukî iĢlem, Akid, Zaman
The religion of Islam aims to eliminate things that would put society in a difficult position in its daily life and burden it heavily. Therefore, it requires the determination of the time in some savings and stipulates that the parties must not be harmed in the purchase For example: selem, a contract of sale for goods for hire where the purchase price is paid in advance, rent, loan, power of attorney, profit sharing, conditional discretion, and such transactions are justifiable savings so that these transactions do not become a burden, inconvenience or difficulty for people in their daily purchases. For these savings to be valid, both parties must determine the time between them Otherwise, these savings are invalid. Since time plays an important role in the law of obligations, we have examined the effect of time in this study entitled 'The Effect of Time on Legal Savings in the Islamic Law of Obligations.' Our study consists of an introduction and four sections. The introduction discusses the meaning of time, the purpose and the method of the work. In the first section, the conceptual framework of time and concepts related to time are mentioned. The second part mentions the temporary and timeless treatments in Islamic law and the effects of time on these treatments. The third part examines how these transactions are regulated in terms of time when the parties are in debt to each other. The last part mentions the provisions on how to proceed when the parties disagree about the time, and discusses in the context of scholars' opinions in which cases the time becomes obsolete. Considering the results of our study, the importance of time in Islamic law of obligations and its impact on transactions becomes clear. Key Words : :Islam law, Law of Obligations, Legal action, contract, time
The religion of Islam aims to eliminate things that would put society in a difficult position in its daily life and burden it heavily. Therefore, it requires the determination of the time in some savings and stipulates that the parties must not be harmed in the purchase For example: selem, a contract of sale for goods for hire where the purchase price is paid in advance, rent, loan, power of attorney, profit sharing, conditional discretion, and such transactions are justifiable savings so that these transactions do not become a burden, inconvenience or difficulty for people in their daily purchases. For these savings to be valid, both parties must determine the time between them Otherwise, these savings are invalid. Since time plays an important role in the law of obligations, we have examined the effect of time in this study entitled 'The Effect of Time on Legal Savings in the Islamic Law of Obligations.' Our study consists of an introduction and four sections. The introduction discusses the meaning of time, the purpose and the method of the work. In the first section, the conceptual framework of time and concepts related to time are mentioned. The second part mentions the temporary and timeless treatments in Islamic law and the effects of time on these treatments. The third part examines how these transactions are regulated in terms of time when the parties are in debt to each other. The last part mentions the provisions on how to proceed when the parties disagree about the time, and discusses in the context of scholars' opinions in which cases the time becomes obsolete. Considering the results of our study, the importance of time in Islamic law of obligations and its impact on transactions becomes clear. Key Words : :Islam law, Law of Obligations, Legal action, contract, time
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Din, Hukuk, Borçlar hukuku, Hukuki tasarruflar, Zaman, İslam borçlar hukuku, İslam hukuku, Religion, Law, Law of obligations, Legal savings, Time, Islamıc law of debts, Islamic law
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209