Measuring the Amounts of Some Heavy Metals (as, Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, P, S) in the Structure of Sedge (typha Angustifolia L.) Plant Growing in the Van Lake Basin in Terms of Environmental Toxicity and Evaluation of Usability in Polyurethane Industry
Abstract
Bu bilimsel çalışmada, özellikle Van Gölü havzası ile çevresindeki illerde kırsal alanlar yoğunlukta olmak üzere fazla miktarda bulunan bataklık ve sulak alanlarda yetişen saz bitkisinin (typha angustifolia l.) çevresel ağır metal kontaminasyonunun belirlenmesi, konsantrasyonunu ve varsa toksisitesini etkileyen ekolojik nedenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, bir biyokütle olarak poliüretan endüstrisinde yararlanılabilirliği ölçülmüştür. Bu kapsamda saz bitkisinin yaprak ve çiçek kısımlarında arsenik, kadminyum, kobalt, krom, bakır, fosfor, kurşun, sülfür ve çinko miktarları ICP-OES cihazıyla ölçülmüş, bölgedeki su ve toprak kontaminasyonları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İlgili alanda yürütülen ekolojik faaliyetler ile arasında bulunan ilişkiler tesbit edilmiştir. Tespitlerimiz neticesinde su doğal yapısında arsenik ağır metali toksisitesi ve toprak doğal yapısında krom, bakır toksisitesi bulunmaktadır. Toprak yapısında çinko toksisitesi bölgesel kanalizasyon arıtma faaliyetleri neticesinde oluşmuştur. Saz bitkisi bünyesinde su, toprak ve lokasyonda gerçekleştirilen arıtma ve ulaşım faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak arsenik, kobalt, krom ve çinko toksisitesi oluşmuştur. Arsenik, kobalt, krom toksisitesi önlem almayı gerektiren konsantrasyonlara sahiptir. Saz bitkisinin (Typha angustifolia L.), biyoindikatör ve hiperakümülatör bitki özellikleri doğrulanmış, lokasyonda fitoremediasyon rolü belirlenmiştir. Temiz bir çevrede yaşamak tüm canlılar için önem taşımaktadır. Saz bitkisinin yaprak ve çiçek kısmı, poliüretan sektöründe petrol türevi hammaddelere alternatif ve/veya katkı maddesi olması açısından PEG400 ve gliserol eşliğinde geleneksel yağ banyosu ısıtma metoduyla polimerleştirilmiş, 23 sentez bileşiği fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri açısından ölçülmüştür. Kullanılabilir nitelikli, çevre dostu ve biyobozunur kopolimer(ler) sentezlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ağır metal seviyesi, Biyokütle, Kopolimer bileşik, Sentez
In this thesis scientific study, it is aimed to determine the environmental heavy metal contamination of the reed plant (Typha angustifolia l.), which grows in abundant swamps and wetlands, especially in rural areas in the Van Lake basin and surrounding provinces, and to determine the ecological reasons affecting its concentration and toxicity, if any. In addition, its usability in the polyurethane industry as a biomass has been measured. In this context, the amounts of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, phosphorus, lead, sulfur and zinc in the stem (leaf) and flower parts of the sedge plant were measured with the ICP-OES device and compared with water and soil contamination in the region. The relationships between ecological activities carried out in the relevant area have been determined. As a result of our findings, there is arsenic heavy metal toxicity in the natural structure of water and chromium and copper toxicity in the natural structure of soil. Zinc toxicity in the soil structure occurred as a result of regional sewage treatment activities. Arsenic, cobalt, chromium and zinc toxicity has occurred within the sedge plant due to purification and transportation activities carried out in water, soil and location. Arsenic, cobalt and chromium toxicity have concentrations that require precautions. The bioindicator and hyperaccumulator plant properties of the sedge plant (Typha angustifolia L.) were confirmed, and its phytoremediation role in the location was determined. Living in a clean environment is important for all living things. The leaves and flower parts of the sedge plant were polymerized with the traditional oil bath heating method in the presence of PEG400 and glycerol in order to be an alternative and/or additive to petroleum-derived raw materials in the polyurethane industry, and 23 synthesis compounds were measured in terms of their physical and chemical properties. Usable, environmentally friendly and biodegradable copolymer(s) have been synthesized. Keywords: Biomass, Copolymer compound, Heavy metal level, Synthesis
In this thesis scientific study, it is aimed to determine the environmental heavy metal contamination of the reed plant (Typha angustifolia l.), which grows in abundant swamps and wetlands, especially in rural areas in the Van Lake basin and surrounding provinces, and to determine the ecological reasons affecting its concentration and toxicity, if any. In addition, its usability in the polyurethane industry as a biomass has been measured. In this context, the amounts of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, phosphorus, lead, sulfur and zinc in the stem (leaf) and flower parts of the sedge plant were measured with the ICP-OES device and compared with water and soil contamination in the region. The relationships between ecological activities carried out in the relevant area have been determined. As a result of our findings, there is arsenic heavy metal toxicity in the natural structure of water and chromium and copper toxicity in the natural structure of soil. Zinc toxicity in the soil structure occurred as a result of regional sewage treatment activities. Arsenic, cobalt, chromium and zinc toxicity has occurred within the sedge plant due to purification and transportation activities carried out in water, soil and location. Arsenic, cobalt and chromium toxicity have concentrations that require precautions. The bioindicator and hyperaccumulator plant properties of the sedge plant (Typha angustifolia L.) were confirmed, and its phytoremediation role in the location was determined. Living in a clean environment is important for all living things. The leaves and flower parts of the sedge plant were polymerized with the traditional oil bath heating method in the presence of PEG400 and glycerol in order to be an alternative and/or additive to petroleum-derived raw materials in the polyurethane industry, and 23 synthesis compounds were measured in terms of their physical and chemical properties. Usable, environmentally friendly and biodegradable copolymer(s) have been synthesized. Keywords: Biomass, Copolymer compound, Heavy metal level, Synthesis
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Kimya, Chemistry
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