The Effect of Some Heavy Metals on the Cambial Activity of Flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.)
Abstract
Bu çalışmada keten bitkisi (Linum usitatissimum L.)'nin kambiyum faaliyeti üzerine ağır metallerden Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni ve Co'ın her birinin 2, 4, 6 gr/lt' deki konsantrasyonlarının etkileri araştırıldı. Bitkilerin morfolojik gelişimleri takip edilerek kök, gövde, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu ve internod uzunlukları belirlendi. Bitkinin anatomik incelenmesinde alttan 1. internodundan alınan enine kesitlerde bu ağır metallerin gövdede kambiyum faaliyeti, korteks ve ksilem farklılaşması üzerine etkileri araştırıldı.Elde edilen bulgularda kambiyum faaliyetine en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Co, Ni, Zn ve Cu, ksilem farklılaşmasına en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Co, Hg, Ni, Zn ve Cu, korteks farklılaşmasına en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Co, Zn, Hg, Ni ve Cu, köke en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Ni, Co, Zn ve Cu, gövdeye en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Co, Ni, Zn ve Cu, yaprak uzunluğuna en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Ni, Zn, Co ve Cu, yaprak enine en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Zn, Ni, Cu ve Co, internod uzunluğuna en çok zararı dokunan elementler sırayla Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu ve Co olduğu tespit edildi.Bütün incelemelerde konsantrasyon miktarı arttıkça hem kambiyum kalınlığı hem de kambiyum hücre sayısının önemli miktarda azaldığı görüldü.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kambiyum faaliyeti, Ksilem, Floem, Linum usitatissimum L., Ağır metal.
In this study, the effects of heavy metals, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni and Co at 2, 4, 6 gr/lt concentration, on the cambial activity of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were investigated. The morphological growths such as the lenghts of roots and stems, the widths and lenghts of leaves and the lenghts of internodes were determined. Also, at the anatomical examinations, the effects of these heavy metals on the cambial activities, phloem and xylem developments of stems were searched at the trans-sections which were taken from the first internodes at the base.According to the results, the elements which damaged to the activity of cambium were at most Hg, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu in turn, the elements which damaged to the differentiation of xylem in turn were at most Co, Hg, Ni, Zn and Cu, the elements which damaged to the differentiation of floem in turn are at most Co, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cu, the elements which damaged the roots in turn are at most Hg, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu, the elements which caused damaged to the stems in turn were at most Hg, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu, the elements that damaged the lenghts of leaves in turn were at most Hg, Ni, Zn, Co ve Cu, the elements which damaged to the widths of leaves in turn were at most Hg, Zn, Ni, Cu and Co, the elements that damaged to the lenghts of internods in turn were at most Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Co.From all the examinations was seen that when the quantities of cambium and the cell number of cambium decreased mostly parallel to increasing concentrations.Key words: Cambial activity, xylem, phloem, Linum usitatissimum , Heavy metal
In this study, the effects of heavy metals, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni and Co at 2, 4, 6 gr/lt concentration, on the cambial activity of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were investigated. The morphological growths such as the lenghts of roots and stems, the widths and lenghts of leaves and the lenghts of internodes were determined. Also, at the anatomical examinations, the effects of these heavy metals on the cambial activities, phloem and xylem developments of stems were searched at the trans-sections which were taken from the first internodes at the base.According to the results, the elements which damaged to the activity of cambium were at most Hg, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu in turn, the elements which damaged to the differentiation of xylem in turn were at most Co, Hg, Ni, Zn and Cu, the elements which damaged to the differentiation of floem in turn are at most Co, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cu, the elements which damaged the roots in turn are at most Hg, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu, the elements which caused damaged to the stems in turn were at most Hg, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu, the elements that damaged the lenghts of leaves in turn were at most Hg, Ni, Zn, Co ve Cu, the elements which damaged to the widths of leaves in turn were at most Hg, Zn, Ni, Cu and Co, the elements that damaged to the lenghts of internods in turn were at most Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Co.From all the examinations was seen that when the quantities of cambium and the cell number of cambium decreased mostly parallel to increasing concentrations.Key words: Cambial activity, xylem, phloem, Linum usitatissimum , Heavy metal
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