Trends and Developments of Electric Vehicles: Current State and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Increasing transport electrification results in more charging stations with outstanding impacts on the electricity networks. Therefore, various charging approaches as well as grid integration strategies are being enhanced to reduce the adverse impacts of EV charging and to promote the profits of EV grid integration. Maximizing the advantages of EVs with smart charging infrastructure, distributed generators, and reliable communication systems is critical to measuring effects on the electrical grid. With the increasing importance given to this area, this paper addresses the current EV status and investigates an extensive overview on significant international EV charging and grid interconnection standards. The characteristics of the EV technologies are investigated and discussed. The main charging techniques, battery technologies, and charging standards are overviewed and discussed. Some results based on registrations of the EVs, battery demand, and electric cars including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are analyzed and examined. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024