Comparison of Serum Ferritin Levels and Cardiac and Liver Mri T2* Results of Transfusion Dependent Β-Thalassemia Major Patients Comparison of Serum Ferritin Levels and Cardiac and Liver Mri T2* Results of Transfusion Dependent Β-Thalassemia Major Patients
Abstract
Pediyatrik β talasemi majör hastalarında, artmış demir yüküne bağlı olarak organlarda demir birikimi gözlenir ve bu birikim, biriktiği organda disfonksiyona yol açabilir. Çalışmamızda, kalp ve karaciğerdeki demir birikimini değerlendirmek için manyetik rezonans görüntüleme tekniği olan T2* sekansını kullanmayı planladık. Ayrıca, karaciğer ve kalpteki T2* relaksasyon süreleri ile ferritin değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymayı hedefledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 2023 yılında Yüzüncü Yılı Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığın ve Hastalıkların Anal Bilimi Dalından Çocuk Hematoloji ve Onkoloji Polikliniğinde takipli Beta Talasemik Majorü hastaları ile gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahili edileni hastaları transfüzyonu bağımlı 8 yaş üstü Beta Talasemi Major hastaları idi. Hastalara hastane kayıt sistemi üzerinden ulaşılarak, dosyaları kontrol edildi. Hastaların Radyoloji departmanı tarafından verilen Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) randevuları takip edilerek, sonuçlanan T2* MRG relaksasyon süreleri kaydedildi. Eş zamanlı serum ferritin düzeyleri, yaş, cinsiyet, kullandıkları ilaçlar, boy ve tartı persentil değerleri, transfüzyon sıklığı, muayene bulguları (hepatosplenomegali ve kardiyak üfürüm) ve hemoglobin değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızı 22 hastam ile yapılmıştır. Hastalarımızın yaşların 8-18 yaşı arasından olup; yaşı ortalaması 13,2±3,3 yılı idi. Hastalarımızın 7'si (%32) kız, 15'i (%68) erkek idi. Çalışmaya dahili edileni hastalarını tümü şelatörü tedavisi almış olan hastalar idi, ancak en az son bir yıldır şelatör tedavisi almamış ve halen kullanmayan 5 hasta mevcuttu. Kullanılan şelatör tedavisi deferasiroks idi. Diğer şelatör tedavileri veya kombinasyon tedavisi alan hastamız yoktu. Hastalarımızdan bir tanesi splenektomi olmuştu. Üç hastamız kemik iliği transplantasyonu olmuştu. Transfüzyon sıklığı olarak medyan ortalamamız 30 günde bir, en düşük 15 günde bir, en yüksek 180 günde bir idi. Ferritin ortama düzeyi 1350,1±1049,5 ng/ml idi. Kardiyak T2* MRG relaksasyon süresi ortalama 33,7 (min.18 – max.47) ms idi. Karaciğer T2* MRG relaksasyon süresi medyan olarak 5,2 (min.1,3 – max.24,9) ms idi. Transfüzyon öncesi baktığımız hemoglobin ortalama değeri 9,6±2,5 g/dl idi. Fizik muayene ile tespit ettiğimiz kardiyak üfürüm gözlenen hasta sayısı 9 (%41) idi. Hastalarımızın boy persentilleri ortalama 9,05 (min.0,03 – max.87) persentil olarak kaydedildi. Tartı persentilleri ortalama 7,25 (min.0,04 – max.66) persentil olarak hesaplandı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 16'sında (%73) muayene sırasında hepatosplenomegali saptandı. İstatistik çalışmamızda karaciğer T2* MRG relaksasyon süreleri ile hepatosplenomegali olan ve olmayan gruplarda karşılaştırma sonucu anlamlı veriler elde ettik (p=0.027). Transfüzyon sıklığı ile ferritin düzeyi karşılaştırması yaptığımızda da anlamlı sonuçlar aldık (p<0,001). Transfüzyon sıklığı ile karaciğer T2* MRG relaksasyon süreleri arasında da anlamlı karşılaştırma sonuçları elde ettik (p=0,002). Hemoglobin değeri ile karaciğer T2* MRG relaksasyon sürelerini karşılaştırdık. Bu korelasyon çalışmasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuç aldık (p<0,001). Ferritin düzeyleri ile kardiyak T2* MRG karşılaştırmasında; p<0,01 olarak tespit ettiğimiz anlamlı sonuçlara ulaştık. Sonuç: Beta talasemi majör hastalarında ferritin düzeyleri ile kardiyak ve karaciğer demir birikiminin değerlendirildiği çalışmamızda; ferritin düzeylerinin kardiyak demir birikimini göstermede anlamlı olduğunu tespit ettik. Ancak daha çok sayıda hasta ile yapılacak çalışmaları önermekteyiz.
Objective: In pediatric patients with β-thalassemia major, increased iron load leads to iron accumulation in organs, potentially causing dysfunction in the affected organ. In our study, we aimed to utilize the magnetic resonance imaging technique, specifically the T2* sequence, to assess iron deposition in the heart and liver. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the relationship between T2* relaxation times in the liver and heart, and ferritin levels. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2023 at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric Health and Diseases Anal Science, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, with follow-up of patients diagnosed with Beta-Thalassemia Major. The study included Beta-Thalassemia Major patients aged 8 and above who were dependent on transfusions. Patient information was retrieved through the hospital record system, and their files were examined. Scheduled Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) appointments from the Radiology Department were monitored, and the resulting T2* MRI relaxation times were recorded. Simultaneously, serum ferritin levels were compared with age, gender, medications used, height and weight percentile values, transfusion frequency, examination findings (hepatosplenomegaly and cardiac murmurs), and hemoglobin levels. Results: Our study was conducted with 22 patients, aged between 8 and 18 years, with a mean age of 13.2±3.3 years. Of the patients, 7 (32%) were female, and 15 (68%) were male. All patients included in the study had received chelation therapy, but 5 patients had not received chelation therapy for at least the last year and were currently not using it. The chelation therapy used was deferasirox, and no other chelation therapies or combination therapies were administered. One patient had undergone splenectomy, and three patients had undergone bone marrow transplantation. The median transfusion frequency was every 30 days, with a minimum of every 15 days and a maximum of every 180 days. The mean ferritin level was 1350.1±1049.5 ng/ml. The mean cardiac T2* MRI relaxation time was 33.7 (min. 18 – max. 47) ms, and the median liver T2* MRI relaxation time was 5.2 (min. 1.3 – max. 24.9) ms. The mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin level was 9.6±2.5 g/dl. Cardiac murmurs detected through physical examination were observed in 9 patients (41%). The mean height percentiles of the patients were recorded as 9.05 (min. 0.03 – max. 87), and weight percentiles were calculated as 7.25 (min. 0.04 – max. 66). Hepatosplenomegaly was observed in 16 patients (73%) during the examination. In our statistical analysis, we obtained significant results when comparing liver T2* MRI relaxation times between groups with and without hepatosplenomegaly (p=0.027). Significant results were also obtained when comparing transfusion frequency with ferritin levels (p<0.001) and liver T2* MRI relaxation times (p=0.002). A statistically significant correlation was found between hemoglobin levels and liver T2* MRI relaxation times (p<0.001). In the comparison of ferritin levels with cardiac T2* MRI, we achieved significant results with p<0.01. Conclusion: In our study evaluating ferritin levels with cardiac and hepatic iron accumulation in patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major, we found that ferritin levels were significantly indicative of cardiac iron accumulation. However, we recommend further studies with a larger number of patients to validate these findings.
Objective: In pediatric patients with β-thalassemia major, increased iron load leads to iron accumulation in organs, potentially causing dysfunction in the affected organ. In our study, we aimed to utilize the magnetic resonance imaging technique, specifically the T2* sequence, to assess iron deposition in the heart and liver. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the relationship between T2* relaxation times in the liver and heart, and ferritin levels. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2023 at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric Health and Diseases Anal Science, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, with follow-up of patients diagnosed with Beta-Thalassemia Major. The study included Beta-Thalassemia Major patients aged 8 and above who were dependent on transfusions. Patient information was retrieved through the hospital record system, and their files were examined. Scheduled Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) appointments from the Radiology Department were monitored, and the resulting T2* MRI relaxation times were recorded. Simultaneously, serum ferritin levels were compared with age, gender, medications used, height and weight percentile values, transfusion frequency, examination findings (hepatosplenomegaly and cardiac murmurs), and hemoglobin levels. Results: Our study was conducted with 22 patients, aged between 8 and 18 years, with a mean age of 13.2±3.3 years. Of the patients, 7 (32%) were female, and 15 (68%) were male. All patients included in the study had received chelation therapy, but 5 patients had not received chelation therapy for at least the last year and were currently not using it. The chelation therapy used was deferasirox, and no other chelation therapies or combination therapies were administered. One patient had undergone splenectomy, and three patients had undergone bone marrow transplantation. The median transfusion frequency was every 30 days, with a minimum of every 15 days and a maximum of every 180 days. The mean ferritin level was 1350.1±1049.5 ng/ml. The mean cardiac T2* MRI relaxation time was 33.7 (min. 18 – max. 47) ms, and the median liver T2* MRI relaxation time was 5.2 (min. 1.3 – max. 24.9) ms. The mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin level was 9.6±2.5 g/dl. Cardiac murmurs detected through physical examination were observed in 9 patients (41%). The mean height percentiles of the patients were recorded as 9.05 (min. 0.03 – max. 87), and weight percentiles were calculated as 7.25 (min. 0.04 – max. 66). Hepatosplenomegaly was observed in 16 patients (73%) during the examination. In our statistical analysis, we obtained significant results when comparing liver T2* MRI relaxation times between groups with and without hepatosplenomegaly (p=0.027). Significant results were also obtained when comparing transfusion frequency with ferritin levels (p<0.001) and liver T2* MRI relaxation times (p=0.002). A statistically significant correlation was found between hemoglobin levels and liver T2* MRI relaxation times (p<0.001). In the comparison of ferritin levels with cardiac T2* MRI, we achieved significant results with p<0.01. Conclusion: In our study evaluating ferritin levels with cardiac and hepatic iron accumulation in patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major, we found that ferritin levels were significantly indicative of cardiac iron accumulation. However, we recommend further studies with a larger number of patients to validate these findings.
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Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Karaciğer hastalıkları, Child Health and Diseases, Liver diseases
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