Browsing by Author "Boyno, G."

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions: Function and Management in Horticulture
(Elsevier, 2022) Demir, S.; Danesh, Y.R.; Boyno, G.; Najafi, S.
Rhizosphere can be defined as the dynamic microcosm between the plant, microorganisms, and soil components in a narrow region where the habitats of plant roots are formed. Mycorrhizal fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are known to promote plant development, increase plant nutrient absorption, promote plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and improve soil structure, and members of the rhizosphere’s mutual microsymbiosis. As the ecological function of mycorrhizal symbiosis has become much better understood in recent years, this biodiversity and its evolution is no longer considered a black box but a source of extensive networking and molecular communication in the rhizosphere. In this review, it has been tried to describe the effect and mechanism of action of arbuscular mycorrhizae against environmental and cultural stress factors in horticultural production systems. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Demir, S.; Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demirer Durak, E.; Najafi, S.; Boyno, G.
The 20th century has been accompanied by the increasing growth in agricultural production, the use of chemical inputs, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as the development of new methods in genetics and plant breeding. In natural ecological conditions, the rhizosphere soils have different types of living organisms, including mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, that play a significant role in plant growth and development, plant nutrition as well as tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a significant symbiotic relationship with different types of plants in most natural habitats. These fungi play a direct role in improving the growth and development of plants in agricultural ecosystems by absorbing phosphorus and other mineral nutrients from the soil. Also, the role of these fungi in reducing the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses, bioremediation of contaminated soils, protecting plants against pathogens, increasing biodiversity in host plants, and improving soil fertility and structure has also been validated. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the majority of plants, such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, and thus play a significant role in sustainable agricultural systems. Proper management of these fungi can be very important in improving sustainable agricultural practices. In this chapter, the role and benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agricultural development systems are emphasized and discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Technology in Sustainable Agriculture: Current Knowledge and Challenges in Agroforestry
(Springer Nature, 2024) Boyno, G.; Ansari, R.A.; Durak, E.D.; Güneş, H.; Çevik, R.; Demir, S.
In agroecosystems, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most common and ubiquitous. Because of their productive and comprehensive symbiotic connections with plants, AM technology looks to be a viable option for sustainable agriculture and agroforestry. The commercialization of this technology may be utilized in agriculture, horticulture, and agroforestry to improve land use management and reduce the need for synthetic chemicals for plant growth and disease control. Furthermore, while mycorrhiza inoculation of plants is a well-known procedure, developing an inoculum consistently under field circumstances remains a bottleneck for their wide range of applications. Mycorrhizal inoculum generation, on the other hand, is a complicated process that necessitates commercial enterprises having the requisite biotechnological skills and capacity to react to ethical, educational, legal, and commercial needs. The aim of this chapter is to compile the available data on the theme of commercialization of AM technology as a tool and its use in increasing plant growth and yield characters. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Bio-Nanomaterials: the Next-Generation Weapon Against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Commercial Crops
(CRC Press, 2024) Boyno, G.; Ripvanlý, M.R.; El-Abeid, S.E.; Mosa, M.A.; Ibrahim, D.S.S.
Bio-nanomaterials are garnering attention in the agricultural sector due to their unique properties and potential applications. Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPNs) rank among the most destructive agricultural pests, causing significant yield losses across various crops. The lack of plant resistance to most PPN species, coupled with environmental restrictions on chemical nematicides, has necessitated the quest for more sustainable and eco-friendly disease control measures. As a result, bio-nanomaterials have emerged as an effective, economical, and safe alternative to conventional chemical nematocides. Many plants possess secondary metabolisms that produce nematocidal compounds belonging to various chemical classes, mainly functioning as defence mechanisms against predators, pests, and pathogens. The synthesis of nanoparticles using environmentally benign biological methods offers a consistent, non-toxic, and eco-friendly approach for plant pathogen management, owing to their potent antimicrobial properties. Numerous bio-nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and polymer-based nanoparticles, exhibit promise for nematode management. Bio-nanomaterials operate through various mechanisms of action, such as physicochemical interactions, oxidative stress, and disruption of cellular processes. The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the potential of bio-nanomaterials in managing plant parasitic nematodes, one of the most formidable agricultural pests. The utilization of bio-nanomaterials for nematode management holds the potential for sustainable development and a better future for food security by providing innovative tools for sustainable nematode control and contributing to the development of environmentally friendly agricultural practices. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.
Bioremediation and Using of Fungi in Bioremediation
(Centenary University, 2018) Vural, A.; Demir, S.; Boyno, G.
Pollutants causing environmental pollution have gained a rapid increase with the industry developing parallel to the increasing population. These pollutants both disrupt the balance of nature and affect the health of the living beings in the negative. At the present time, bioremediation has gained an important place in the studies related to the elimination of these pollutants. Bioremediation is an affordable and environmentally friendly method for converting pollutants into non-environmentally harmful products using various microorganisms. In particular, among these microorganisms, the fungi used in the bioremediation have attracted considerable attention because they decompose the pollutants into harmless products by their properties such as secreted enzymes and / or mycelia structures. In this review, it is aimed to bring together the different aspects of bioremediation and fungi that define different and new metabolic capacities and their role in bioremediation potential on a common platform. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Clonostachys Rosea (Sch.) Schroers and Samuels Against Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium Dahliae Kleb.) and Early Blight [Alternaria Solani (Ell. and G. Martin) Sor.] Diseases in Tomato Plants
(Centenary University, 2022) Çevik, R.; Demir, S.; Türkölmez, Ş.; Boyno, G.
The effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani) diseases, as the two most important problems in tomato cultivation with significant economic losses, was determined. It was determined that C. rosea was effective on A. solani and V. dahliae and suppressed mycelial growth. Also, the C. rosea on wheat grains inoculated to plants at 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g concentrations before and after pathogens inoculation. Then, fungal discs (2 mm in diameter) from V. dahliae growing colonies were inoculated on the host plant root zone. A. solani was also inoculated (1x106 conidia ml-1 ) by spraying the foliar parts of the plants. Results showed that V. dahliae caused 76.0% disease severity in control plants, while the disease severity indices were 58.3%, 55.3%, and 25.3% at 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g C. rosea application, respectively. In A. solani x C. rosea treatments, the disease severities were determined as 96.6%, 63.3%, 43.6% and 46.6% in control, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g application of C. rosea, respectively. The pathogen suppression rates by C. rosea at 30g application dose was 54.8% against A. solani and at 40 g application dose was 66.6% against V. dahliae. The effects of C. rosea on plant growth parameters were also determined. Results showed that C. rosea had a positive effect on the morphological parameters in tomato plants. © 2022, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Nanoparticles From Microbes: the Next Generation Tool for Combatting Plant Diseases
(CRC Press, 2024) Boyno, G.; Teniz, N.; Durak, E.D.; Danesh, Y.R.; Demir, S.
Microbe-synthesized NanoParticles (MNPs) show great potential for controlling plant diseases, offering advantages over chemical pesticides. MNPs possess unique physical and chemical properties, leading to higher efficacy, lower toxicity, and environmental safety. They can be produced using cost-effective and eco-friendly methods, making them a viable alternative. MNPs exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, including antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. They can penetrate pathogen cell walls, disrupting their normal processes and causing death or reduced virulence. Additionally, MNPs can activate plant defence mechanisms, enhancing resistance to infections. This chapter provides an overview of MNPs’ applications in plant disease management, exploring microorganisms involved in nanoparticle synthesis and the underlying mechanisms. MNPs offer advantages like cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and specificity in synthesis. However, challenges remain, such as understanding long-term environmental and human health effects, regulatory and economic barriers, and developing efficient delivery systems. Despite these challenges, MNPs have the potential to transform agriculture and promote sustainable practices. Further research is needed to address limitations and overcome barriers. MNPs could become a versatile, environmentally friendly alternative in various fields. With continued progress, they offer a promising solution for plant disease control, fostering sustainable and effective approaches. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.
Nanotechnology: a New Frontier in Sustainable Agricultural Pest and Disease Management
(CRC Press, 2024) Sabbour, M.M.A.; Rişvanli, M.R.; Boyno, G.
The detrimental effects of insect pests and plant diseases on crop productivity are paramount. Significant crop damage is caused by these factors, making extensive pesticide use necessary to control them. Although effective in controlling insect pests and plant diseases, using pesticides often comes at a high cost and carries environmental implications. These chemicals also contribute to pollution, potentially harming ecosystems, including flora and fauna. Furthermore, the exposure of humans to pesticides can pose health risks and lead to the transmission of dangerous diseases. Nanotechnology offers a promising potential to be of the utmost significance for the control of pests and diseases compared to traditional treatments and methods. These advantages include improved efficacy, fewer input requirements, and lower eco-toxicity. The development of risk-free and efficient nanomaterials for use in agriculture is the key to a future where agriculture is more resilient and sustainable. Respecting the principles of sustainability and safety while embracing responsible nanomaterial innovation guarantees that our society benefits fully from nanotechnology. Despite the abundance of research information in this field, there is a clear need for an in-depth evaluation of the application of nanotechnology. The chapter provides definitions, brief overviews, and references from existing literature on the subject, highlighting the role of nanotechnology in controlling pests and diseases. Moreover, the study discusses the promising future prospects of nanotechnology in agricultural systems for the sustainable management of diseases and pests. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.
Plant Growth–promoting Rhizobacteria: Their Potential as Biological Control Agents in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Pellegrini, M.; Akköprü, A.; Farda, B.; Boyno, G.; Djebaili, R.
Microorganisms as biological control agents have received special attention in recent years. Biological control is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method and offers a valid alternative to chemical pesticides. Biological control agents have high adaptability to environmental conditions and various synergistic mechanisms based on the host plant. The role of beneficial soil bacteria that live around the root or the rhizosphere and improve plant growth, known as plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), is very important. PGPRs directly (dissolving of minerals, nitrogen fixation, production of plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins) or indirectly (production of several substances such as antibiotics, siderophores, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, hydrogen cyanide, and also competitions) improve plant growth. PGPRs also stimulate the induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants, thereby increasing the resistance of plants against various pathogens by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. The ISR was described for different PGPRs species, including Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Burkholderia spp. The decrease in disease severity in various host plants has been described by numerous researches. This chapter focuses on the potential of PGPRs as suitable biocontrol agents and the mechanisms involved in sustainable plant disease management. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Rock Phosphate Solubilizing Potential of Soil Microorganisms: Advances in Sustainable Crop Production
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Khoshru, B.; Nosratabad, A.F.; Mitra, D.; Chaithra, M.; Danesh, Y.R.; Boyno, G.; Sinha, S.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements required for crop production. The ideal soil pH for its absorption by plants is about 6.5, but in alkaline and acidic soils, most of the consumed P forms an insoluble complex with calcium, iron, and aluminum elements and its availability for absorption by the plant decreases. The supply of P needed by plants is mainly achieved through chemical fertilizers; however, in addition to the high price of these fertilizers, in the long run, their destructive effects will affect the soil and the environment. The use of cheap and abundant resources such as rock phosphate (RP) can be an alternative strategy for P chemical fertilizers, but the solubilization of P of this source has been a challenge for agricultural researchers. For this, physical and chemical treatments have been used, but the solution that has recently attracted the attention of the researchers is to use the potential of rhizobacteria to solubilize RP and supply P to plants by this method. These microorganisms, via. mechanisms such as proton secretion, organic and mineral acid production, siderophore production, etc., lead to the solubilization of RP, and by releasing its P, they improve the quantitative and qualitative performance of agricultural products. In this review, addressing the potential of rhizosphere microbes (with a focus on rhizobacteria) as an eco-friendly strategy for RP solubilization, along with physical and chemical solutions, has been attempted. © 2023 by the authors.