Browsing by Author "Hakcioglu, Muhammed Meshud"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

An Analysis on Relationship of Some Uncommon Linguistic Uses in the Qur'an With the Phenomenon of Poetic Necessity
(Sirnak Univ, 2023) Hakcioglu, Muhammed Meshud
Poetry has its own style, which differs from the language of prose. The reason for this is the phenomena such as rhythm and rhyme on which poetry should depend. Due to rhythm and rhyme, the free writing style, which is a feature of prose, vanishes for a poet; and the poet becomes obliged to move in a restricted area. Although use of shaz in grammar is accepted as irregular, nahivists have not thrown it away by seeing it as worthless. On the contrary, this is accepted as important, so it is divided into several sections in terms of its compatibility with the basic rules of syntax and grammar, which has played a significant role in comprehension of syntax. While language rules were being retold in syntax books, the necessity of phenomenon was focused its attention on irregular usages that were given place. On the other hand, nahivists tried to find a solution to the case that poet digressed the main grammar rules because of this obligation; and they handled the issue under the name of "necessity phenomenon". Similar usages of this phenomenon are seen in Qur'an. For example, some hazif phenomenon, seen as a necessity by some nahivists, is a common situation in poetry and Qur'an. Besides, it is possible to see recitations similar to the use of different necessities in some aspects. This indicates that Qur'an contains different dialects and usages. In general, since the usages of necessity are seen as unusual, rare and similar uses that are not seen as linguistically strong; therefore, nahivists excluded Qur'an from it and justified this type of use by explaining it in different ways. Because Qur'an represents high-level Arab rhetoric. Qur'an has its unique style, which is based on its i'jaz. Nahivists considered these usages such as necessity, sometimes as a permissible/permitted use, sometimes as conformity to the language spoken during the revelation period, and sometimes as a linguistic breadth and richness. In this study, the approach of the nahivists to the necessity-like uses seen in some verses of Qur'an will be discussed with a descriptive and analytical method. Within this context, it can be said that this study is an original study because it includes different recitations. In the study, firstly, the opinions of the nahivists on the phenomenon of necessity within the context of Qur'an and then some verses in which the phenomenon of hazif and ziyade are mentioned will be studied; and then the uses such as conversion of the meaning, the use of the verb containing a female pronoun that turns into a male pronoun, similar to the phenomenon of necessity in Qur'an, will be discussed. In the study, examples of the usages in the poems related to the phenomenon of necessity will not be presented, but only the evaluation of the usage in the context of the phenomenon of necessity will be contented. As a result of the study, it was seen that the nahivists agree on the decision, "There is no necessity in Qur'an", since the phenomenon of necessity is related to linguistic levels such as shaz and weak. However, some uses have been attributed to facts that are considered necessary. This is mostly due to the fact that grammarians disagree with each other on many necessities. Because some usages that one nahivist considers permissible in normal kalam were considered as a necessity by another nahivist. This shows that the aforementioned uses have a basis in Arabic. It was understood that these uses, which appear to be contrary to the normal language rules in Qur'an, should not be considered as a necessity since Qur'an contains the most fluent and eloquent styles of Arabic language, and linguistically represents the peak. In addition, when examined in detail, it was seen that these uses are actually suitable for some dialects of Arabic language.
The Approaches of Arabic Linguists on the Phenomenon of Necessity
(Sirnak Univ, 2021) Hakcioglu, Muhammed Meshud
Necessity is a concept used for many morphological and grammatical linguistic phenomena that are scattered in the works of Arabic linguists and critics. In ancient Arabic poems, the usual rules of the Arabic language were broken and the views, attitudes and approaches of critics and linguists varied on the various irregular uses expressed by the term "poetry necessity". Linguists also touched upon the subject of necessity while creating their works in the field of syntax. This is not because the necessity is among the syntax issues, but because it is an easy way out for them. It seems that there are two fundamentally opposite views about the phenomenon of necessity: The view that accepts every ungrammatical use that occurs in poetry and expands the scope of necessity, regardless of whether the poet is compelled or not, and the view that accepts the necessity only because the poet had to, that is, because the poet could not find another use instead of that usage. While the representatives of the first view are the majority of the linguists led by Sibeveyhi and Ibn Jinni, the second view is represented by of Ibn Malik. In addition, Ahfesh believes that necessity, which is a special case for poets, is also appropriate in the normal words of poets due to their language habits, while Ibn Faris argued that there is no phenomenon of necessity, saying that these uses, which are considered contrary to the rules of language in poetry, are nothing but mistakes. From this point of view, it seems that there are four different views about necessity. The reason for these differences about the phenomenon of necessity is that language scholars do not distinguish between the language of poetry and the language of prose. Since linguists want to apply the language rules they use in normal speech to poetry, they considered the usage that contradicts the language rules in normal speech as a phenomenon of necessity due to the necessity of meter and rhyme in poetry. Linguists brought evidence from poetry while putting forward the rules of language. Sometimes it has been observed that the usages against these language rules occur in poetry. In this respect, there are many differences of opinion about the necessity phenomenon. Some put these ungrammatical uses under the phenomenon of necessity, which the poet resorted to because of an obligation caused by the language of poetry, while others suggested that it would not be appropriate to put it under the title of necessity as these uses were special to the Arabic language and others suggested that they were exceptional uses. Among linguistic scholars, there is also a dispute as to whether the phenomenon of necessity is a license granted to the poet or an exceptional use. Since the linguists do not see the necessity as a linguistic phenomenon, there was no consensus on this issue and this phenomenon was put forward in the syntax books without drawing a general framework. Linguists have dealt with such usages, which are considered to be necessities, through one of the two resolutions. While the first of these two resolutions is to simulate something that is not permissible to something permissible, the second is to return a word to its original. The reason why linguists resort to these two resolutions is to put the necessity phenomenon within the framework of language rules. In general, quality uses and structures of the phenomenon of necessity emerging as a manifestation of the Old Arabic poetic language, both in individual works and in language and literature sources have been handled according to their pleasant or unpleasant nature, usually with a subject classification method and sometimes with a qualitative approach. In these sources, the phenomenon of necessity has been studied through literary, historical and religious texts such as poems, verses, hadiths and proverbs. In this study, the approaches of linguists to the necessity phenomenon will be examined with a critical point of view.
Ibn Hisham's Method of Handling Some Mansub Words in the Context of Al-masailu's-seferiyye Fi'n-nahv
(Sirnak Univ, 2022) Hakcioglu, Muhammed Meshud
Language is an important factor in the transfer and understanding of a culture. That is why throughout history, societies have carried out many scientific studies to protect their languages from corruption and mistakes. Since Arabic is the language of the Qur'an, great favor has been shown to this language. Some linguists have carried out studies on the determination and compilation of nahw science because of the spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula to other nations, the mixing of non-Arab nations with the Arabs, and as a result, errors in the use of the Arabic language. From the birth of the Islamic civilization to the present day, countless scholars have been trained, and these scholars have written many books in the field of Arabic language as well as in religious sciences. These copyrighted works played an important role in protecting the language from error. One of the scholars, who contributed to this goal with many works and made a name for himself is, Ibn Hisham al-Ansari. Although Ibn Hisham had a say in many sciences such as tafsir, hadith, and fiqh, he had an important reputation, especially in the field of syntax and language. Many scholars have narrated that he reached a level that later scholars could not reach, and that he had a scholarly personality that surpassed his classmates and even his teachers in Arabic. In addition, he riveted his depth in the science of nahw with his criticisms of the views he did not accept, the choices he made, and the original ideas he had put forward. In addition to his published works, Ibn Hisham has many written works, the exact number of which is unknown. However, there are also works that were mistakenly attributed to him. The booklet al-Mesailu's-seferiyye fi'n-nahv is one of the works he wrote, in which he made the i'rab of some words. He tried to explain the mansub aspects of the expressions like Fadlen, Lugaten, Hilafen, Eydan and Helumme cerran from a critical point of view. Because, as in every language, there are words and phrases in the Arabic language that cannot be fully understood and require effort to be understood. While these words are sometimes strange in themselves, sometimes they are strange in terms of i'rab in a combination. While analyzing these words, Ibn Hisham also mentioned the views of many linguists on the subject and brought evidence from the Qur'an, hadith, and poetry. In the introduction to the treatise, he stated that he was on a journey and that his friends asked him to explain some words, and he revealed the reason for writing the pamphlet and clearly stated that the interpretation of these words was problematic because the common use of a sign in Arabic to show more than one element can affect the position of the word and thus the meaning of the sentence. When the position/i'rab of a word differs, its meaning also changes. In this work, Ibn Hisham also tried to explain some vague and obscure expressions in terms of i'rab. He proved that he is among the leading scholars of Arabic language and grammar, as his comments, explanations, choices, and preferences are widely accepted in the field. In this study, brief information about Ibn Hisham's personal and scientific life will be given, and then the content of the work, its method, and the words discussed in the work will be examined respectively. In this respect, it is hoped that the study will be beneficial to the scientific community.