An Analysis on Relationship of Some Uncommon Linguistic Uses in the Qur'an With the Phenomenon of Poetic Necessity

Abstract

Poetry has its own style, which differs from the language of prose. The reason for this is the phenomena such as rhythm and rhyme on which poetry should depend. Due to rhythm and rhyme, the free writing style, which is a feature of prose, vanishes for a poet; and the poet becomes obliged to move in a restricted area. Although use of shaz in grammar is accepted as irregular, nahivists have not thrown it away by seeing it as worthless. On the contrary, this is accepted as important, so it is divided into several sections in terms of its compatibility with the basic rules of syntax and grammar, which has played a significant role in comprehension of syntax. While language rules were being retold in syntax books, the necessity of phenomenon was focused its attention on irregular usages that were given place. On the other hand, nahivists tried to find a solution to the case that poet digressed the main grammar rules because of this obligation; and they handled the issue under the name of "necessity phenomenon". Similar usages of this phenomenon are seen in Qur'an. For example, some hazif phenomenon, seen as a necessity by some nahivists, is a common situation in poetry and Qur'an. Besides, it is possible to see recitations similar to the use of different necessities in some aspects. This indicates that Qur'an contains different dialects and usages. In general, since the usages of necessity are seen as unusual, rare and similar uses that are not seen as linguistically strong; therefore, nahivists excluded Qur'an from it and justified this type of use by explaining it in different ways. Because Qur'an represents high-level Arab rhetoric. Qur'an has its unique style, which is based on its i'jaz. Nahivists considered these usages such as necessity, sometimes as a permissible/permitted use, sometimes as conformity to the language spoken during the revelation period, and sometimes as a linguistic breadth and richness. In this study, the approach of the nahivists to the necessity-like uses seen in some verses of Qur'an will be discussed with a descriptive and analytical method. Within this context, it can be said that this study is an original study because it includes different recitations. In the study, firstly, the opinions of the nahivists on the phenomenon of necessity within the context of Qur'an and then some verses in which the phenomenon of hazif and ziyade are mentioned will be studied; and then the uses such as conversion of the meaning, the use of the verb containing a female pronoun that turns into a male pronoun, similar to the phenomenon of necessity in Qur'an, will be discussed. In the study, examples of the usages in the poems related to the phenomenon of necessity will not be presented, but only the evaluation of the usage in the context of the phenomenon of necessity will be contented. As a result of the study, it was seen that the nahivists agree on the decision, "There is no necessity in Qur'an", since the phenomenon of necessity is related to linguistic levels such as shaz and weak. However, some uses have been attributed to facts that are considered necessary. This is mostly due to the fact that grammarians disagree with each other on many necessities. Because some usages that one nahivist considers permissible in normal kalam were considered as a necessity by another nahivist. This shows that the aforementioned uses have a basis in Arabic. It was understood that these uses, which appear to be contrary to the normal language rules in Qur'an, should not be considered as a necessity since Qur'an contains the most fluent and eloquent styles of Arabic language, and linguistically represents the peak. In addition, when examined in detail, it was seen that these uses are actually suitable for some dialects of Arabic language.